Bacillus subtilis ge28, a potential biocontrol agent for controlling rust rot in Panax ginseng caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans

Panax ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used worldwide. Rust rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans infects the root of P. ginseng and usually results in severe yield losses and quality deterioration. Quality control of P. ginseng is crucial to ensure its medicinal value. However, the incre...

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Main Authors: Yuan Gao, Junchi Wang, Shan Zhong, Rong Wang, Jianhe Wei, Wanlong Ding, Yong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Maximum Academic Press 2025-01-01
Series:Medicinal Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/mpb-0025-0009
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author Yuan Gao
Junchi Wang
Shan Zhong
Rong Wang
Jianhe Wei
Wanlong Ding
Yong Li
author_facet Yuan Gao
Junchi Wang
Shan Zhong
Rong Wang
Jianhe Wei
Wanlong Ding
Yong Li
author_sort Yuan Gao
collection DOAJ
description Panax ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used worldwide. Rust rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans infects the root of P. ginseng and usually results in severe yield losses and quality deterioration. Quality control of P. ginseng is crucial to ensure its medicinal value. However, the increasing application of chemical fungicides for controlling severe epidemics of diseases including rust rot in ginseng-producing regions every year has led to significant environmental pollution, fungicide residues in harvested ginseng, and an increased risk of phytopathogen resistance. In this study, an endophytic Bacillus subtillis strain, temporarily named ge28, which has shown strong antagonistic activity to C. destructans, was isolated from healthy roots of P. ginseng. In vitro and pot experiments showed fermentation and the supernatant of ge28 exhibited significant biocontrol efficacy on rust rot. The whole genome of ge28 was 4,065,429 bp, containing 4,162 functional genes. Furthermore, three clusters of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes conferring the synthesis of lipopeptides, a group of secondary metabolites exhibiting antagonistic properties, including surfactin, fengycin, and bacillibactin, were identified through genome analysis. Surfactin and fengycin were confirmed to be present in the supernatant of ge28 by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the ge28 strain possesses substantial biocontrol potential against the rust rot of P. ginseng, and its antagonistic mechanisms were preliminarily clarified. These results should accelerate the utilization of ge28 to enhance the yield and quality of P. ginseng through reduced fungicide application.
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spelling doaj-art-d6269564adcd4fd1b51e380b0bfec5482025-08-20T02:27:18ZengMaximum Academic PressMedicinal Plant Biology2835-69692025-01-014111010.48130/mpb-0025-0009mpb-0025-0009Bacillus subtilis ge28, a potential biocontrol agent for controlling rust rot in Panax ginseng caused by Cylindrocarpon destructansYuan Gao0Junchi Wang1Shan Zhong2Rong Wang3Jianhe Wei4Wanlong Ding5Yong Li6Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10093, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10093, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10093, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10093, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10093, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10093, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10093, ChinaPanax ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used worldwide. Rust rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans infects the root of P. ginseng and usually results in severe yield losses and quality deterioration. Quality control of P. ginseng is crucial to ensure its medicinal value. However, the increasing application of chemical fungicides for controlling severe epidemics of diseases including rust rot in ginseng-producing regions every year has led to significant environmental pollution, fungicide residues in harvested ginseng, and an increased risk of phytopathogen resistance. In this study, an endophytic Bacillus subtillis strain, temporarily named ge28, which has shown strong antagonistic activity to C. destructans, was isolated from healthy roots of P. ginseng. In vitro and pot experiments showed fermentation and the supernatant of ge28 exhibited significant biocontrol efficacy on rust rot. The whole genome of ge28 was 4,065,429 bp, containing 4,162 functional genes. Furthermore, three clusters of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes conferring the synthesis of lipopeptides, a group of secondary metabolites exhibiting antagonistic properties, including surfactin, fengycin, and bacillibactin, were identified through genome analysis. Surfactin and fengycin were confirmed to be present in the supernatant of ge28 by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the ge28 strain possesses substantial biocontrol potential against the rust rot of P. ginseng, and its antagonistic mechanisms were preliminarily clarified. These results should accelerate the utilization of ge28 to enhance the yield and quality of P. ginseng through reduced fungicide application.https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/mpb-0025-0009bacillus subtilisrust rotpanax ginsengcylindrocarpon destructansbiocontrol
spellingShingle Yuan Gao
Junchi Wang
Shan Zhong
Rong Wang
Jianhe Wei
Wanlong Ding
Yong Li
Bacillus subtilis ge28, a potential biocontrol agent for controlling rust rot in Panax ginseng caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans
Medicinal Plant Biology
bacillus subtilis
rust rot
panax ginseng
cylindrocarpon destructans
biocontrol
title Bacillus subtilis ge28, a potential biocontrol agent for controlling rust rot in Panax ginseng caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans
title_full Bacillus subtilis ge28, a potential biocontrol agent for controlling rust rot in Panax ginseng caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans
title_fullStr Bacillus subtilis ge28, a potential biocontrol agent for controlling rust rot in Panax ginseng caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans
title_full_unstemmed Bacillus subtilis ge28, a potential biocontrol agent for controlling rust rot in Panax ginseng caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans
title_short Bacillus subtilis ge28, a potential biocontrol agent for controlling rust rot in Panax ginseng caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans
title_sort bacillus subtilis ge28 a potential biocontrol agent for controlling rust rot in panax ginseng caused by cylindrocarpon destructans
topic bacillus subtilis
rust rot
panax ginseng
cylindrocarpon destructans
biocontrol
url https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/mpb-0025-0009
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