Emission characteristics and efficiency assessment of biomass-derived syngas in a spark-ignition generator compared to LPG and gasoline
This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of biomass gasification-derived syngas under various loads in comparison to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and gasoline in a spark-ignition, single-cylinder generator. In the experiment, syngas A (4.11 % CH4, 9.83 % H2, 25.04 % CO,...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025024636 |
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| author | Fredy Surahmanto Achmad Arifin Sutiman Mochamad Syamsiro Novi Caroko |
| author_facet | Fredy Surahmanto Achmad Arifin Sutiman Mochamad Syamsiro Novi Caroko |
| author_sort | Fredy Surahmanto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of biomass gasification-derived syngas under various loads in comparison to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and gasoline in a spark-ignition, single-cylinder generator. In the experiment, syngas A (4.11 % CH4, 9.83 % H2, 25.04 % CO, 12.01 % CO2, 49.01 % N2), syngas B (2.88 % CH4, 18.19 % H2, 21.73 % CO, 6.07 % CO2, 51.13 % N2), and syngas C (5.96 % CH4, 18.79 % H2, 28.85 % CO, 8.12 % CO2, 38.28 % N2) were used to represent the real biomass gasification-derived syngas. Engine speed, thermal efficiency, and emissions of CO, CO₂, and HC under variable electrical loads (0–400 W) were analysed. Syngas C delivered the highest lower heating value (7444.13 kJ/kg) and demonstrated superior performance among syngas variants, achieving up to 14.54 % efficiency at 400 W, with CO and HC emissions as low as 0.512 % vol and 15 ppm, respectively. Syngas B performed better at lighter loads due to its high H₂ content, but its efficiency declined with increasing load. In contrast, Syngas A recorded the poorest performance and emissions, including peak CO of 2.112 % and HC of 62 ppm at 200 W. Among the tested fuels, gasoline and LPG exhibited higher CO emissions, reaching 9.56 % and 6.11 % respectively, along with higher HC emissions, particularly for LPG, which reached up to 443 ppm at 0 W load. Despite their lower energy density, syngas fuels, especially Syngas C, showed potential for decentralised, low-to-medium load power generation due to their cleaner emission profile and adequate efficiency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d59df809d1b84a23ad8d8e757c19f366 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-d59df809d1b84a23ad8d8e757c19f3662025-08-20T03:56:04ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710639310.1016/j.rineng.2025.106393Emission characteristics and efficiency assessment of biomass-derived syngas in a spark-ignition generator compared to LPG and gasolineFredy Surahmanto0Achmad Arifin1 Sutiman2Mochamad Syamsiro3Novi Caroko4Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Yogyakarta State University, IndonesiaDepartment of Automotive Engineering Education, Yogyakarta State University, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Janabadra University, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, IndonesiaThis study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of biomass gasification-derived syngas under various loads in comparison to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and gasoline in a spark-ignition, single-cylinder generator. In the experiment, syngas A (4.11 % CH4, 9.83 % H2, 25.04 % CO, 12.01 % CO2, 49.01 % N2), syngas B (2.88 % CH4, 18.19 % H2, 21.73 % CO, 6.07 % CO2, 51.13 % N2), and syngas C (5.96 % CH4, 18.79 % H2, 28.85 % CO, 8.12 % CO2, 38.28 % N2) were used to represent the real biomass gasification-derived syngas. Engine speed, thermal efficiency, and emissions of CO, CO₂, and HC under variable electrical loads (0–400 W) were analysed. Syngas C delivered the highest lower heating value (7444.13 kJ/kg) and demonstrated superior performance among syngas variants, achieving up to 14.54 % efficiency at 400 W, with CO and HC emissions as low as 0.512 % vol and 15 ppm, respectively. Syngas B performed better at lighter loads due to its high H₂ content, but its efficiency declined with increasing load. In contrast, Syngas A recorded the poorest performance and emissions, including peak CO of 2.112 % and HC of 62 ppm at 200 W. Among the tested fuels, gasoline and LPG exhibited higher CO emissions, reaching 9.56 % and 6.11 % respectively, along with higher HC emissions, particularly for LPG, which reached up to 443 ppm at 0 W load. Despite their lower energy density, syngas fuels, especially Syngas C, showed potential for decentralised, low-to-medium load power generation due to their cleaner emission profile and adequate efficiency.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025024636biomass gasificationEfficiencyEngine emissionsGasolineLPGSyngas |
| spellingShingle | Fredy Surahmanto Achmad Arifin Sutiman Mochamad Syamsiro Novi Caroko Emission characteristics and efficiency assessment of biomass-derived syngas in a spark-ignition generator compared to LPG and gasoline Results in Engineering biomass gasification Efficiency Engine emissions Gasoline LPG Syngas |
| title | Emission characteristics and efficiency assessment of biomass-derived syngas in a spark-ignition generator compared to LPG and gasoline |
| title_full | Emission characteristics and efficiency assessment of biomass-derived syngas in a spark-ignition generator compared to LPG and gasoline |
| title_fullStr | Emission characteristics and efficiency assessment of biomass-derived syngas in a spark-ignition generator compared to LPG and gasoline |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emission characteristics and efficiency assessment of biomass-derived syngas in a spark-ignition generator compared to LPG and gasoline |
| title_short | Emission characteristics and efficiency assessment of biomass-derived syngas in a spark-ignition generator compared to LPG and gasoline |
| title_sort | emission characteristics and efficiency assessment of biomass derived syngas in a spark ignition generator compared to lpg and gasoline |
| topic | biomass gasification Efficiency Engine emissions Gasoline LPG Syngas |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025024636 |
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