Depth Penetration and Scope Extension of Failures in the Cascading of Multilayer Networks
Real-world complex systems always interact with each other, which causes these systems to collapse in an avalanche or cascading manner in the case of random failures or malicious attacks. The robustness of multilayer networks has attracted great interest, where the modeling and theoretical studies o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Complexity |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3578736 |
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| author | Wen-Jun Jiang Run-Ran Liu Chun-Xiao Jia |
| author_facet | Wen-Jun Jiang Run-Ran Liu Chun-Xiao Jia |
| author_sort | Wen-Jun Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Real-world complex systems always interact with each other, which causes these systems to collapse in an avalanche or cascading manner in the case of random failures or malicious attacks. The robustness of multilayer networks has attracted great interest, where the modeling and theoretical studies of which always rely on the concept of multilayer networks and percolation methods. A straightforward and tacit assumption is that the interdependence across network layers is strong, which means that a node will fail entirely with the removal of all links if one of its interdependent nodes in other network layers fails. However, this oversimplification cannot describe the general form of interactions across the network layers in a real-world multilayer system. In this paper, we reveal the nature of the avalanche disintegration of general multilayer networks with arbitrary interdependency strength across network layers. Specifically, we identify that the avalanche process of the whole system can essentially be decomposed into two microscopic cascading dynamics in terms of the propagation direction of the failures: depth penetration and scope extension. In the process of depth penetration, the failures propagate from layer to layer, where the greater the number of failed nodes is, the greater is the destructive power that will emerge in an interdependency group. In the process of scope extension, failures propagate with the removal of connections in each network layer. Under the synergy of the two processes, we find that the percolation transition of the system can be discontinuous or continuous with changes in the interdependency strength across network layers, which means that a sudden system-wide collapse can be avoided by controlling the interdependency strength across network layers. Our work not only reveals the microscopic mechanism of global collapse in multilayer infrastructure systems but also provides stimulating ideas on intervention programs and approaches for cascade failures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d5482ba896474edaacd1102f369d2b39 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1076-2787 1099-0526 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Complexity |
| spelling | doaj-art-d5482ba896474edaacd1102f369d2b392025-02-03T01:01:30ZengWileyComplexity1076-27871099-05262020-01-01202010.1155/2020/35787363578736Depth Penetration and Scope Extension of Failures in the Cascading of Multilayer NetworksWen-Jun Jiang0Run-Ran Liu1Chun-Xiao Jia2Research Center for Complexity Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, ChinaResearch Center for Complexity Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, ChinaResearch Center for Complexity Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, ChinaReal-world complex systems always interact with each other, which causes these systems to collapse in an avalanche or cascading manner in the case of random failures or malicious attacks. The robustness of multilayer networks has attracted great interest, where the modeling and theoretical studies of which always rely on the concept of multilayer networks and percolation methods. A straightforward and tacit assumption is that the interdependence across network layers is strong, which means that a node will fail entirely with the removal of all links if one of its interdependent nodes in other network layers fails. However, this oversimplification cannot describe the general form of interactions across the network layers in a real-world multilayer system. In this paper, we reveal the nature of the avalanche disintegration of general multilayer networks with arbitrary interdependency strength across network layers. Specifically, we identify that the avalanche process of the whole system can essentially be decomposed into two microscopic cascading dynamics in terms of the propagation direction of the failures: depth penetration and scope extension. In the process of depth penetration, the failures propagate from layer to layer, where the greater the number of failed nodes is, the greater is the destructive power that will emerge in an interdependency group. In the process of scope extension, failures propagate with the removal of connections in each network layer. Under the synergy of the two processes, we find that the percolation transition of the system can be discontinuous or continuous with changes in the interdependency strength across network layers, which means that a sudden system-wide collapse can be avoided by controlling the interdependency strength across network layers. Our work not only reveals the microscopic mechanism of global collapse in multilayer infrastructure systems but also provides stimulating ideas on intervention programs and approaches for cascade failures.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3578736 |
| spellingShingle | Wen-Jun Jiang Run-Ran Liu Chun-Xiao Jia Depth Penetration and Scope Extension of Failures in the Cascading of Multilayer Networks Complexity |
| title | Depth Penetration and Scope Extension of Failures in the Cascading of Multilayer Networks |
| title_full | Depth Penetration and Scope Extension of Failures in the Cascading of Multilayer Networks |
| title_fullStr | Depth Penetration and Scope Extension of Failures in the Cascading of Multilayer Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Depth Penetration and Scope Extension of Failures in the Cascading of Multilayer Networks |
| title_short | Depth Penetration and Scope Extension of Failures in the Cascading of Multilayer Networks |
| title_sort | depth penetration and scope extension of failures in the cascading of multilayer networks |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3578736 |
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