Factors influencing self-management of adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a qualitative study

Objective: Adrenal crisis is a life-threatening complication that requires urgent administration of parenteral hydrocortisone. Current patient education interventions remain ineffective, contributing to preventable hospitalisations and deaths. This study explored the lived experiences of individuals...

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Main Authors: Aldons Chua, Heather Yoeli, David Till, Umesh Dashora, Patrick Oyibo, William M Drake, Martin Cartwright, Sofia Llahana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Bioscientifica 2025-04-01
Series:Endocrine Connections
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Online Access:https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/14/5/EC-24-0651.xml
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author Aldons Chua
Heather Yoeli
David Till
Umesh Dashora
Patrick Oyibo
William M Drake
Martin Cartwright
Sofia Llahana
author_facet Aldons Chua
Heather Yoeli
David Till
Umesh Dashora
Patrick Oyibo
William M Drake
Martin Cartwright
Sofia Llahana
author_sort Aldons Chua
collection DOAJ
description Objective: Adrenal crisis is a life-threatening complication that requires urgent administration of parenteral hydrocortisone. Current patient education interventions remain ineffective, contributing to preventable hospitalisations and deaths. This study explored the lived experiences of individuals with adrenal insufficiency, focussing on the factors influencing self-management during adrenal crises. Methods: This qualitative study employed online semi-structured interviews with adults with adrenal insufficiency who had experienced at least one adrenal crisis in the past 3 years. Participants were recruited via patient advocacy groups in the United Kingdom. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach, allowing themes to emerge directly from the data without imposing predetermined categories. Results: Twelve themes, grouped into four overarching domains, captured individual experiences of managing adrenal crises: i) knowledge and experience; ii) tools and training; iii) psychological and emotional impact; and iv) support and dependence on others. Participants reported challenges including delayed diagnosis, difficulties recognising adrenal crisis symptoms and the complexity of the hydrocortisone injection process. However, prior experiences of adrenal crises, patient education and advocacy resources fostered greater confidence in self-management. Participants highlighted the need for simplified injection devices, clearer stress dosing guidelines, improved training for healthcare professionals and increased public awareness. Conclusion: Findings from this qualitative study emphasise that effective adrenal crisis management requires patient-centred, evidence-based interventions focussing on education, healthcare professional training and public awareness. Simplified hydrocortisone delivery devices and systemic reforms are crucial to supporting self-management and minimising preventable hospitalisations and fatalities caused by adrenal crises.
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spelling doaj-art-d4d8b817e80c484f9b1cb3d3e8a8c8422025-08-20T03:48:52ZengBioscientificaEndocrine Connections2049-36142025-04-0114510.1530/EC-24-06511Factors influencing self-management of adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a qualitative studyAldons Chua0Heather Yoeli1David Till2Umesh Dashora3Patrick Oyibo4William M Drake5Martin Cartwright6Sofia Llahana7School of Health and Medical Sciences, City St George’s, University of London, London, United KingdomNorthern Lights Research Associates; Newcastle upon Tyne, United KingdomDiabetes and Endocrinology, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, East Sussex, United KingdomDiabetes and Endocrinology, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, East Sussex, United KingdomSchool of Health and Medical Sciences, City St George’s, University of London, London, United KingdomEndocrinology Department, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United KingdomSchool of Health and Medical Sciences, City St George’s, University of London, London, United KingdomSchool of Health and Medical Sciences, City St George’s, University of London, London, United KingdomObjective: Adrenal crisis is a life-threatening complication that requires urgent administration of parenteral hydrocortisone. Current patient education interventions remain ineffective, contributing to preventable hospitalisations and deaths. This study explored the lived experiences of individuals with adrenal insufficiency, focussing on the factors influencing self-management during adrenal crises. Methods: This qualitative study employed online semi-structured interviews with adults with adrenal insufficiency who had experienced at least one adrenal crisis in the past 3 years. Participants were recruited via patient advocacy groups in the United Kingdom. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach, allowing themes to emerge directly from the data without imposing predetermined categories. Results: Twelve themes, grouped into four overarching domains, captured individual experiences of managing adrenal crises: i) knowledge and experience; ii) tools and training; iii) psychological and emotional impact; and iv) support and dependence on others. Participants reported challenges including delayed diagnosis, difficulties recognising adrenal crisis symptoms and the complexity of the hydrocortisone injection process. However, prior experiences of adrenal crises, patient education and advocacy resources fostered greater confidence in self-management. Participants highlighted the need for simplified injection devices, clearer stress dosing guidelines, improved training for healthcare professionals and increased public awareness. Conclusion: Findings from this qualitative study emphasise that effective adrenal crisis management requires patient-centred, evidence-based interventions focussing on education, healthcare professional training and public awareness. Simplified hydrocortisone delivery devices and systemic reforms are crucial to supporting self-management and minimising preventable hospitalisations and fatalities caused by adrenal crises.https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/14/5/EC-24-0651.xmladrenal insufficiencyadrenal crisisself-managementhydrocortisone injectionparenteral glucocorticoid therapysick day rulesstress dosing
spellingShingle Aldons Chua
Heather Yoeli
David Till
Umesh Dashora
Patrick Oyibo
William M Drake
Martin Cartwright
Sofia Llahana
Factors influencing self-management of adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a qualitative study
Endocrine Connections
adrenal insufficiency
adrenal crisis
self-management
hydrocortisone injection
parenteral glucocorticoid therapy
sick day rules
stress dosing
title Factors influencing self-management of adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a qualitative study
title_full Factors influencing self-management of adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a qualitative study
title_fullStr Factors influencing self-management of adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a qualitative study
title_full_unstemmed Factors influencing self-management of adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a qualitative study
title_short Factors influencing self-management of adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a qualitative study
title_sort factors influencing self management of adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency a qualitative study
topic adrenal insufficiency
adrenal crisis
self-management
hydrocortisone injection
parenteral glucocorticoid therapy
sick day rules
stress dosing
url https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/14/5/EC-24-0651.xml
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