A comparison of force adaptation in toddlers and adults during a drawer opening task
Abstract Adapting movements to rapidly changing conditions is fundamental for interacting with our dynamic environment. This adaptability relies on internal models that predict and evaluate sensory outcomes to adjust motor commands. Even infants anticipate object properties for efficient grasping, s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87441-6 |
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| author | Laura Faßbender Johannes Falck Francisco M. López Yee Lee Shing Jochen Triesch Gudrun Schwarzer |
| author_facet | Laura Faßbender Johannes Falck Francisco M. López Yee Lee Shing Jochen Triesch Gudrun Schwarzer |
| author_sort | Laura Faßbender |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Adapting movements to rapidly changing conditions is fundamental for interacting with our dynamic environment. This adaptability relies on internal models that predict and evaluate sensory outcomes to adjust motor commands. Even infants anticipate object properties for efficient grasping, suggesting the use of internal models. However, how internal models are adapted in early childhood remains largely unexplored. This study investigated a naturalistic force adaptation task in 1.5-, 3-year-olds, and young adults. Participants opened a drawer with temporarily increased resistance, creating sensory prediction errors between predicted and actual drawer dynamics. After perturbation, all age groups showed lower peak speed, longer movement time, and more movement units with trial-wise changes analyzed as adaptation process. Results revealed no age differences in adapting peak speed and movement units, but 1.5- and 3-year-olds exhibited higher trial-to-trial variability and were slower in adapting their movement time, although they also adapted their movement time more strongly. Upon removal of perturbation, we found significant aftereffects across all age groups, indicating effective internal model adaptation. These results suggest that even 1.5-year-olds form internal models of force parameters and adapt them to reduce sensory prediction errors, possibly through more exploration and with more variable movement dynamics compared to adults. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d4a34191dd9a4ef48c5fef1bcd47803a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d4a34191dd9a4ef48c5fef1bcd47803a2025-02-02T12:22:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-87441-6A comparison of force adaptation in toddlers and adults during a drawer opening taskLaura Faßbender0Johannes Falck1Francisco M. López2Yee Lee Shing3Jochen Triesch4Gudrun Schwarzer5Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt Institute for Advanced StudiesDepartment of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt Institute for Advanced StudiesDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig UniversityAbstract Adapting movements to rapidly changing conditions is fundamental for interacting with our dynamic environment. This adaptability relies on internal models that predict and evaluate sensory outcomes to adjust motor commands. Even infants anticipate object properties for efficient grasping, suggesting the use of internal models. However, how internal models are adapted in early childhood remains largely unexplored. This study investigated a naturalistic force adaptation task in 1.5-, 3-year-olds, and young adults. Participants opened a drawer with temporarily increased resistance, creating sensory prediction errors between predicted and actual drawer dynamics. After perturbation, all age groups showed lower peak speed, longer movement time, and more movement units with trial-wise changes analyzed as adaptation process. Results revealed no age differences in adapting peak speed and movement units, but 1.5- and 3-year-olds exhibited higher trial-to-trial variability and were slower in adapting their movement time, although they also adapted their movement time more strongly. Upon removal of perturbation, we found significant aftereffects across all age groups, indicating effective internal model adaptation. These results suggest that even 1.5-year-olds form internal models of force parameters and adapt them to reduce sensory prediction errors, possibly through more exploration and with more variable movement dynamics compared to adults.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87441-6Motor adaptationMotor learningDevelopmentCognitionChildren |
| spellingShingle | Laura Faßbender Johannes Falck Francisco M. López Yee Lee Shing Jochen Triesch Gudrun Schwarzer A comparison of force adaptation in toddlers and adults during a drawer opening task Scientific Reports Motor adaptation Motor learning Development Cognition Children |
| title | A comparison of force adaptation in toddlers and adults during a drawer opening task |
| title_full | A comparison of force adaptation in toddlers and adults during a drawer opening task |
| title_fullStr | A comparison of force adaptation in toddlers and adults during a drawer opening task |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comparison of force adaptation in toddlers and adults during a drawer opening task |
| title_short | A comparison of force adaptation in toddlers and adults during a drawer opening task |
| title_sort | comparison of force adaptation in toddlers and adults during a drawer opening task |
| topic | Motor adaptation Motor learning Development Cognition Children |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87441-6 |
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