Synthetic Modeling of Polarized Dust Emission in Intermediate-mass YSOs. I. Constraining the Role of Iron Inclusions and Inelastic Relaxation on Grain Alignment with ALMA Polarization
Iron inclusions embedded inside dust grains play a crucial role in both internal alignment (IA) via Barnett relaxation and external alignment via the MAgnetically Enhanced RAdiative Torque (MRAT) mechanism. Moreover, inelastic relaxation is predicted to dominate over Barnett relaxation in driving th...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada3cf |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832086600598683648 |
|---|---|
| author | Nguyen Chau Giang V. J. M. Le Gouellec Thiem Hoang A. J. Maury P. Hennebelle |
| author_facet | Nguyen Chau Giang V. J. M. Le Gouellec Thiem Hoang A. J. Maury P. Hennebelle |
| author_sort | Nguyen Chau Giang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iron inclusions embedded inside dust grains play a crucial role in both internal alignment (IA) via Barnett relaxation and external alignment via the MAgnetically Enhanced RAdiative Torque (MRAT) mechanism. Moreover, inelastic relaxation is predicted to dominate over Barnett relaxation in driving the IA of micron-sized grains and very large grains (VLGs) above 10 μ m. Yet, a detailed modeling of polarized thermal dust emission from Class 0/I young stellar objects (YSOs) taking into account these effects and their observational constraints is still lacking. In this paper, we update the POLARIS code and use it to perform synthetic dust polarization modeling for MHD simulations of an intermediate-mass YSOs. Results will be post-processed with CASA to confront Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) polarimetric observations. We found that to reproduce the high polarization degree of p ∼ 5%–30% observed in protostellar envelopes by ALMA, micron-sized grains and VLGs must contain iron inclusions with N _cl ∼ 5–10 ^3 iron atoms per cluster, assuming 30% of iron abundance locked inside dust grains under the cluster form. Inside the inner ∼500 au region, inelastic relaxation must participate in driving the grain IA, and grains must contain larger iron inclusions of N _cl ∼ 10 ^2 –10 ^4 and grow beyond ≥10 μ m to reproduce ∼3%–10% of dust polarization observed by ALMA. But given such a combination, the IA and MRAT efficiency acting on VLGs still decreases toward the center, inducing the decrease of p (%) with increasing gas density, reaching p ∼ 1% inside the disk. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d486cb80b86346a789fc4f3412733b47 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-d486cb80b86346a789fc4f3412733b472025-02-06T11:47:45ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01980110510.3847/1538-4357/ada3cfSynthetic Modeling of Polarized Dust Emission in Intermediate-mass YSOs. I. Constraining the Role of Iron Inclusions and Inelastic Relaxation on Grain Alignment with ALMA PolarizationNguyen Chau Giang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-671XV. J. M. Le Gouellec1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5714-799XThiem Hoang2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-0982A. J. Maury3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-8754P. Hennebelle4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0472-7202Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; chaugiang@kasi.re.kr, thiemhoang@kasi.re.kr; Department of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaNASA Ames Research Center , Space Science and Astrobiology Division, M.S. 245-6 Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ; valentinlegouellec@gmail.comKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea ; chaugiang@kasi.re.kr, thiemhoang@kasi.re.kr; Department of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE) , CSIC, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA , Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain; AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceAIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceIron inclusions embedded inside dust grains play a crucial role in both internal alignment (IA) via Barnett relaxation and external alignment via the MAgnetically Enhanced RAdiative Torque (MRAT) mechanism. Moreover, inelastic relaxation is predicted to dominate over Barnett relaxation in driving the IA of micron-sized grains and very large grains (VLGs) above 10 μ m. Yet, a detailed modeling of polarized thermal dust emission from Class 0/I young stellar objects (YSOs) taking into account these effects and their observational constraints is still lacking. In this paper, we update the POLARIS code and use it to perform synthetic dust polarization modeling for MHD simulations of an intermediate-mass YSOs. Results will be post-processed with CASA to confront Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) polarimetric observations. We found that to reproduce the high polarization degree of p ∼ 5%–30% observed in protostellar envelopes by ALMA, micron-sized grains and VLGs must contain iron inclusions with N _cl ∼ 5–10 ^3 iron atoms per cluster, assuming 30% of iron abundance locked inside dust grains under the cluster form. Inside the inner ∼500 au region, inelastic relaxation must participate in driving the grain IA, and grains must contain larger iron inclusions of N _cl ∼ 10 ^2 –10 ^4 and grow beyond ≥10 μ m to reproduce ∼3%–10% of dust polarization observed by ALMA. But given such a combination, the IA and MRAT efficiency acting on VLGs still decreases toward the center, inducing the decrease of p (%) with increasing gas density, reaching p ∼ 1% inside the disk.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada3cfYoung stellar objectsDust physicsStar formation |
| spellingShingle | Nguyen Chau Giang V. J. M. Le Gouellec Thiem Hoang A. J. Maury P. Hennebelle Synthetic Modeling of Polarized Dust Emission in Intermediate-mass YSOs. I. Constraining the Role of Iron Inclusions and Inelastic Relaxation on Grain Alignment with ALMA Polarization The Astrophysical Journal Young stellar objects Dust physics Star formation |
| title | Synthetic Modeling of Polarized Dust Emission in Intermediate-mass YSOs. I. Constraining the Role of Iron Inclusions and Inelastic Relaxation on Grain Alignment with ALMA Polarization |
| title_full | Synthetic Modeling of Polarized Dust Emission in Intermediate-mass YSOs. I. Constraining the Role of Iron Inclusions and Inelastic Relaxation on Grain Alignment with ALMA Polarization |
| title_fullStr | Synthetic Modeling of Polarized Dust Emission in Intermediate-mass YSOs. I. Constraining the Role of Iron Inclusions and Inelastic Relaxation on Grain Alignment with ALMA Polarization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthetic Modeling of Polarized Dust Emission in Intermediate-mass YSOs. I. Constraining the Role of Iron Inclusions and Inelastic Relaxation on Grain Alignment with ALMA Polarization |
| title_short | Synthetic Modeling of Polarized Dust Emission in Intermediate-mass YSOs. I. Constraining the Role of Iron Inclusions and Inelastic Relaxation on Grain Alignment with ALMA Polarization |
| title_sort | synthetic modeling of polarized dust emission in intermediate mass ysos i constraining the role of iron inclusions and inelastic relaxation on grain alignment with alma polarization |
| topic | Young stellar objects Dust physics Star formation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada3cf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nguyenchaugiang syntheticmodelingofpolarizeddustemissioninintermediatemassysosiconstrainingtheroleofironinclusionsandinelasticrelaxationongrainalignmentwithalmapolarization AT vjmlegouellec syntheticmodelingofpolarizeddustemissioninintermediatemassysosiconstrainingtheroleofironinclusionsandinelasticrelaxationongrainalignmentwithalmapolarization AT thiemhoang syntheticmodelingofpolarizeddustemissioninintermediatemassysosiconstrainingtheroleofironinclusionsandinelasticrelaxationongrainalignmentwithalmapolarization AT ajmaury syntheticmodelingofpolarizeddustemissioninintermediatemassysosiconstrainingtheroleofironinclusionsandinelasticrelaxationongrainalignmentwithalmapolarization AT phennebelle syntheticmodelingofpolarizeddustemissioninintermediatemassysosiconstrainingtheroleofironinclusionsandinelasticrelaxationongrainalignmentwithalmapolarization |