Delayed Presentation of Popliteal Artery Injury after Salter-Harris III Proximal Tibia Fracture

Introduction. Proximal tibia physeal fractures in children are not very common but can be dangerous because they can harm popliteal fossa structures, especially the popliteal artery. Popliteal artery injuries (PAI) are most commonly the result of trauma to the lower extremity, including blunt force,...

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Main Authors: Alexandra H. Seidenstein, Timothy W. Torrez, Jacob A. Garcia, Shadi K. Awad, Henry Debell, Shawn R. Gilbert, Kevin A. Williams
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Orthopedics
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4104127
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author Alexandra H. Seidenstein
Timothy W. Torrez
Jacob A. Garcia
Shadi K. Awad
Henry Debell
Shawn R. Gilbert
Kevin A. Williams
author_facet Alexandra H. Seidenstein
Timothy W. Torrez
Jacob A. Garcia
Shadi K. Awad
Henry Debell
Shawn R. Gilbert
Kevin A. Williams
author_sort Alexandra H. Seidenstein
collection DOAJ
description Introduction. Proximal tibia physeal fractures in children are not very common but can be dangerous because they can harm popliteal fossa structures, especially the popliteal artery. Popliteal artery injuries (PAI) are most commonly the result of trauma to the lower extremity, including blunt force, hyperextension injuries, complex fractures, and knee dislocations that can compromise popliteal neurovascular structures. Case Presentation. A 14-year-old boy presents to the emergency department after being transferred from an outside hospital 24 hours after a left lower extremity hyperextension injury. Radiographs demonstrated a Salter-Harris III proximal tibia fracture with posterior displacement. ABIs were deferred due to palpable distal pulses and no evidence of compartment syndrome. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning were planned to correct the fracture. Intraoperatively, it was discovered that knee extension decreased lower extremity perfusion while knee flexion returned perfusion. An angiography revealed a popliteal artery occlusion with no distal flow. Based on this, an above-knee to below-knee popliteal bypass using the contralateral great saphenous vein was performed followed by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of the proximal tibia. Conclusion. Proximal tibia physeal injuries, especially the Salter-Harris III and IV injuries, warrant a high index of suspicion of popliteal artery injuries. Palpable pulses and delayed presentation in the distal lower extremity do not rule out a PAI because collateral flow to the anterior and posterior tibial arteries may mask signs of an avascular limb, highlighting the need for a thorough history and physical exam. The authors present this case to reaffirm the importance of an ankle-brachial index when evaluating hyperextension injuries with proximal tibial epiphyseal fractures.
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spelling doaj-art-d43b43a606054dba81c9824c34e1d8e52025-08-20T03:23:46ZengWileyCase Reports in Orthopedics2090-67572023-01-01202310.1155/2023/4104127Delayed Presentation of Popliteal Artery Injury after Salter-Harris III Proximal Tibia FractureAlexandra H. Seidenstein0Timothy W. Torrez1Jacob A. Garcia2Shadi K. Awad3Henry Debell4Shawn R. Gilbert5Kevin A. Williams6Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryIntroduction. Proximal tibia physeal fractures in children are not very common but can be dangerous because they can harm popliteal fossa structures, especially the popliteal artery. Popliteal artery injuries (PAI) are most commonly the result of trauma to the lower extremity, including blunt force, hyperextension injuries, complex fractures, and knee dislocations that can compromise popliteal neurovascular structures. Case Presentation. A 14-year-old boy presents to the emergency department after being transferred from an outside hospital 24 hours after a left lower extremity hyperextension injury. Radiographs demonstrated a Salter-Harris III proximal tibia fracture with posterior displacement. ABIs were deferred due to palpable distal pulses and no evidence of compartment syndrome. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning were planned to correct the fracture. Intraoperatively, it was discovered that knee extension decreased lower extremity perfusion while knee flexion returned perfusion. An angiography revealed a popliteal artery occlusion with no distal flow. Based on this, an above-knee to below-knee popliteal bypass using the contralateral great saphenous vein was performed followed by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of the proximal tibia. Conclusion. Proximal tibia physeal injuries, especially the Salter-Harris III and IV injuries, warrant a high index of suspicion of popliteal artery injuries. Palpable pulses and delayed presentation in the distal lower extremity do not rule out a PAI because collateral flow to the anterior and posterior tibial arteries may mask signs of an avascular limb, highlighting the need for a thorough history and physical exam. The authors present this case to reaffirm the importance of an ankle-brachial index when evaluating hyperextension injuries with proximal tibial epiphyseal fractures.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4104127
spellingShingle Alexandra H. Seidenstein
Timothy W. Torrez
Jacob A. Garcia
Shadi K. Awad
Henry Debell
Shawn R. Gilbert
Kevin A. Williams
Delayed Presentation of Popliteal Artery Injury after Salter-Harris III Proximal Tibia Fracture
Case Reports in Orthopedics
title Delayed Presentation of Popliteal Artery Injury after Salter-Harris III Proximal Tibia Fracture
title_full Delayed Presentation of Popliteal Artery Injury after Salter-Harris III Proximal Tibia Fracture
title_fullStr Delayed Presentation of Popliteal Artery Injury after Salter-Harris III Proximal Tibia Fracture
title_full_unstemmed Delayed Presentation of Popliteal Artery Injury after Salter-Harris III Proximal Tibia Fracture
title_short Delayed Presentation of Popliteal Artery Injury after Salter-Harris III Proximal Tibia Fracture
title_sort delayed presentation of popliteal artery injury after salter harris iii proximal tibia fracture
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4104127
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