Distinct brain age gradients across the adult lifespan reflect diverse neurobiological hierarchies

Abstract ‘Brain age’ is a biological clock typically used to describe brain health with one number, but its relationship with established gradients of cortical organization remains unclear. We address this gap by leveraging a data-driven, region-specific brain age approach in 335 neurologically inta...

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Main Authors: Nicholas Riccardi, Alex Teghipco, Sarah Newman-Norlund, Roger Newman-Norlund, Ida Rangus, Chris Rorden, Julius Fridriksson, Leonardo Bonilha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08228-z
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author Nicholas Riccardi
Alex Teghipco
Sarah Newman-Norlund
Roger Newman-Norlund
Ida Rangus
Chris Rorden
Julius Fridriksson
Leonardo Bonilha
author_facet Nicholas Riccardi
Alex Teghipco
Sarah Newman-Norlund
Roger Newman-Norlund
Ida Rangus
Chris Rorden
Julius Fridriksson
Leonardo Bonilha
author_sort Nicholas Riccardi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract ‘Brain age’ is a biological clock typically used to describe brain health with one number, but its relationship with established gradients of cortical organization remains unclear. We address this gap by leveraging a data-driven, region-specific brain age approach in 335 neurologically intact adults, using a convolutional neural network (volBrain) to estimate regional brain ages directly from structural MRI without a predefined set of morphometric properties. Six distinct gradients of brain aging are replicated in two independent cohorts. Spatial patterns of accelerated brain aging in older adults quantitatively align with the archetypal sensorimotor-to-association axis of cortical organization. Other brain aging gradients reflect neurobiological hierarchies such as gene expression and externopyramidization. Participant-level correspondences to brain age gradients are associated with cognitive and sensorimotor performance and explained behavioral variance more effectively than global brain age. These results suggest that regional brain age patterns reflect fundamental principles of cortical organization and behavior.
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spelling doaj-art-d3a24e93f71b4db790b3cc7e49e9c7dd2025-08-20T02:34:19ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-05-018111310.1038/s42003-025-08228-zDistinct brain age gradients across the adult lifespan reflect diverse neurobiological hierarchiesNicholas Riccardi0Alex Teghipco1Sarah Newman-Norlund2Roger Newman-Norlund3Ida Rangus4Chris Rorden5Julius Fridriksson6Leonardo Bonilha7Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South CarolinaDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South CarolinaDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South CarolinaDepartment of Psychology, University of South CarolinaDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South CarolinaDepartment of Psychology, University of South CarolinaDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South CarolinaDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine ColumbiaAbstract ‘Brain age’ is a biological clock typically used to describe brain health with one number, but its relationship with established gradients of cortical organization remains unclear. We address this gap by leveraging a data-driven, region-specific brain age approach in 335 neurologically intact adults, using a convolutional neural network (volBrain) to estimate regional brain ages directly from structural MRI without a predefined set of morphometric properties. Six distinct gradients of brain aging are replicated in two independent cohorts. Spatial patterns of accelerated brain aging in older adults quantitatively align with the archetypal sensorimotor-to-association axis of cortical organization. Other brain aging gradients reflect neurobiological hierarchies such as gene expression and externopyramidization. Participant-level correspondences to brain age gradients are associated with cognitive and sensorimotor performance and explained behavioral variance more effectively than global brain age. These results suggest that regional brain age patterns reflect fundamental principles of cortical organization and behavior.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08228-z
spellingShingle Nicholas Riccardi
Alex Teghipco
Sarah Newman-Norlund
Roger Newman-Norlund
Ida Rangus
Chris Rorden
Julius Fridriksson
Leonardo Bonilha
Distinct brain age gradients across the adult lifespan reflect diverse neurobiological hierarchies
Communications Biology
title Distinct brain age gradients across the adult lifespan reflect diverse neurobiological hierarchies
title_full Distinct brain age gradients across the adult lifespan reflect diverse neurobiological hierarchies
title_fullStr Distinct brain age gradients across the adult lifespan reflect diverse neurobiological hierarchies
title_full_unstemmed Distinct brain age gradients across the adult lifespan reflect diverse neurobiological hierarchies
title_short Distinct brain age gradients across the adult lifespan reflect diverse neurobiological hierarchies
title_sort distinct brain age gradients across the adult lifespan reflect diverse neurobiological hierarchies
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08228-z
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