Developing a novel hybrid model based on GRU deep neural network and Whale optimization algorithm for precise forecasting of river’s streamflow

Developing a novel hybrid model based on GRU deep neural network and Whale optimization algorithm for precise forecasting of river’s streamflow

Abstract Streamflow contemplates a fundamental criterion to evaluate the impact of human activities and climate changes on the hydrological cycle. In this study, a novel innovative deep neural network (DNN) structure by integrating a double Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) neural network model with a mul...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Amin Gharehbaghi, Redvan Ghasemlounia, Farshad Ahmadi, Rasoul Mirabbasi, Ali Torabi Haghighi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
GRU and Bi-GRU models
Meta-heuristic Whale optimization algorithm
Novel hybrid 2GRU×–WOA model
TLP parameter
Chehel-Chai river’s streamflow
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03185-3
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