Effects of Elliptical and Circular Nozzles on Diesel Spray Characteristics Under High Ambient Density

In this paper, the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of diesel spray with elliptical and circular nozzles were investigated under an ambient density of 65.6 kg/m<sup>3</sup> by combining an optical test and numerical simulation method of VOF-Spray One-Way Coupling and Large Edd...

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Main Authors: Qinghai Sun, Run Zou, Liangyu Li, Huan Wen, Feng Li, Wei Yang, Tiexiong Su
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11699
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author Qinghai Sun
Run Zou
Liangyu Li
Huan Wen
Feng Li
Wei Yang
Tiexiong Su
author_facet Qinghai Sun
Run Zou
Liangyu Li
Huan Wen
Feng Li
Wei Yang
Tiexiong Su
author_sort Qinghai Sun
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of diesel spray with elliptical and circular nozzles were investigated under an ambient density of 65.6 kg/m<sup>3</sup> by combining an optical test and numerical simulation method of VOF-Spray One-Way Coupling and Large Eddy Simulation. Two elliptical nozzles with varying aspect ratios (1.25 and 1.5) and a circular nozzle were employed for comparison, with the same cross-sectional area. The results demonstrated that the spray tip penetration (STP) of elliptical nozzles was significantly diminished in comparison to that of the circular nozzle and that STP for the elliptical nozzle with a larger aspect ratio was observed to be smaller, primarily due to the elevated aerodynamic drag and accelerated kinetic energy dissipation. The spray cone angle (SCA) of elliptical nozzles was greater than that of the circular nozzle. The average SCA of the elliptical nozzle with a larger aspect ratio was the greatest in both planes. The spray asymmetry with elliptical nozzles resulted in the instability of the spray boundary, leading to the earlier fragmentation and atomization of the spray and faster radial diffusion. For the same STP, the elliptical nozzle with a larger aspect ratio exhibited the greatest spray area in both planes. Elliptical nozzles are subject to a greater degree of inhomogeneous shear than circular nozzles, which results in an accelerated rate of droplet breakage and a concomitant decrease in Sauter Mean Diameter.
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spelling doaj-art-d2c0e2211fe642bcaa2a9a0e4e73a63b2025-08-20T02:53:42ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-0114241169910.3390/app142411699Effects of Elliptical and Circular Nozzles on Diesel Spray Characteristics Under High Ambient DensityQinghai Sun0Run Zou1Liangyu Li2Huan Wen3Feng Li4Wei Yang5Tiexiong Su6School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaIn this paper, the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of diesel spray with elliptical and circular nozzles were investigated under an ambient density of 65.6 kg/m<sup>3</sup> by combining an optical test and numerical simulation method of VOF-Spray One-Way Coupling and Large Eddy Simulation. Two elliptical nozzles with varying aspect ratios (1.25 and 1.5) and a circular nozzle were employed for comparison, with the same cross-sectional area. The results demonstrated that the spray tip penetration (STP) of elliptical nozzles was significantly diminished in comparison to that of the circular nozzle and that STP for the elliptical nozzle with a larger aspect ratio was observed to be smaller, primarily due to the elevated aerodynamic drag and accelerated kinetic energy dissipation. The spray cone angle (SCA) of elliptical nozzles was greater than that of the circular nozzle. The average SCA of the elliptical nozzle with a larger aspect ratio was the greatest in both planes. The spray asymmetry with elliptical nozzles resulted in the instability of the spray boundary, leading to the earlier fragmentation and atomization of the spray and faster radial diffusion. For the same STP, the elliptical nozzle with a larger aspect ratio exhibited the greatest spray area in both planes. Elliptical nozzles are subject to a greater degree of inhomogeneous shear than circular nozzles, which results in an accelerated rate of droplet breakage and a concomitant decrease in Sauter Mean Diameter.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11699elliptical nozzlelarge eddy simulationhigh ambient densitymacroscopic diffusionmicroscopic particles
spellingShingle Qinghai Sun
Run Zou
Liangyu Li
Huan Wen
Feng Li
Wei Yang
Tiexiong Su
Effects of Elliptical and Circular Nozzles on Diesel Spray Characteristics Under High Ambient Density
Applied Sciences
elliptical nozzle
large eddy simulation
high ambient density
macroscopic diffusion
microscopic particles
title Effects of Elliptical and Circular Nozzles on Diesel Spray Characteristics Under High Ambient Density
title_full Effects of Elliptical and Circular Nozzles on Diesel Spray Characteristics Under High Ambient Density
title_fullStr Effects of Elliptical and Circular Nozzles on Diesel Spray Characteristics Under High Ambient Density
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Elliptical and Circular Nozzles on Diesel Spray Characteristics Under High Ambient Density
title_short Effects of Elliptical and Circular Nozzles on Diesel Spray Characteristics Under High Ambient Density
title_sort effects of elliptical and circular nozzles on diesel spray characteristics under high ambient density
topic elliptical nozzle
large eddy simulation
high ambient density
macroscopic diffusion
microscopic particles
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11699
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