Human papillomavirus vaccination at age 9 or 10 years to increase coverage – a narrative review of the literature, United States 2014–2024
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination at 11–12 years; the series can begin at age 9. U.S. HPV vaccination coverage is lower than other adolescent vaccinations. One proposed strategy to increase coverage is initiation at 9–10 years....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2480870 |
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| _version_ | 1850155206287818752 |
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| author | Sarah K. Brewer Ruth Stefanos Neil C. Murthy Amimah F. Asif Shannon Stokley Lauri E. Markowitz |
| author_facet | Sarah K. Brewer Ruth Stefanos Neil C. Murthy Amimah F. Asif Shannon Stokley Lauri E. Markowitz |
| author_sort | Sarah K. Brewer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination at 11–12 years; the series can begin at age 9. U.S. HPV vaccination coverage is lower than other adolescent vaccinations. One proposed strategy to increase coverage is initiation at 9–10 years. We systematically reviewed studies addressing vaccination at age 9 to identify and evaluate evidence regarding potential programmatic advantages. Among 30 publications from 2014 to 2024 there were retrospective cohort studies (N = 11), intervention studies with a component focused on vaccination at 9–10 (N = 12), and studies of feasibility or acceptability by providers or caregivers (N = 7). While retrospective analyses found earlier initiation associated with completion, limitations in methodology preclude a cause-and-effect interpretation. Impact of age 9 vaccination is difficult to isolate in intervention studies that had multiple components. While initiating vaccination at age 9 is feasible, questions remain regarding the benefit of this approach to increase coverage. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d26dc6d7ab204b79bc3ebab2f3da4e04 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2164-5515 2164-554X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-d26dc6d7ab204b79bc3ebab2f3da4e042025-08-20T02:24:59ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2025-12-0121110.1080/21645515.2025.2480870Human papillomavirus vaccination at age 9 or 10 years to increase coverage – a narrative review of the literature, United States 2014–2024Sarah K. Brewer0Ruth Stefanos1Neil C. Murthy2Amimah F. Asif3Shannon Stokley4Lauri E. Markowitz5Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USADivision of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAImmunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAImmunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAImmunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USADivision of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAThe Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination at 11–12 years; the series can begin at age 9. U.S. HPV vaccination coverage is lower than other adolescent vaccinations. One proposed strategy to increase coverage is initiation at 9–10 years. We systematically reviewed studies addressing vaccination at age 9 to identify and evaluate evidence regarding potential programmatic advantages. Among 30 publications from 2014 to 2024 there were retrospective cohort studies (N = 11), intervention studies with a component focused on vaccination at 9–10 (N = 12), and studies of feasibility or acceptability by providers or caregivers (N = 7). While retrospective analyses found earlier initiation associated with completion, limitations in methodology preclude a cause-and-effect interpretation. Impact of age 9 vaccination is difficult to isolate in intervention studies that had multiple components. While initiating vaccination at age 9 is feasible, questions remain regarding the benefit of this approach to increase coverage.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2480870Human papillomavirusvaccinationpolicyvaccination at age 9immunization schedulesystematic review |
| spellingShingle | Sarah K. Brewer Ruth Stefanos Neil C. Murthy Amimah F. Asif Shannon Stokley Lauri E. Markowitz Human papillomavirus vaccination at age 9 or 10 years to increase coverage – a narrative review of the literature, United States 2014–2024 Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Human papillomavirus vaccination policy vaccination at age 9 immunization schedule systematic review |
| title | Human papillomavirus vaccination at age 9 or 10 years to increase coverage – a narrative review of the literature, United States 2014–2024 |
| title_full | Human papillomavirus vaccination at age 9 or 10 years to increase coverage – a narrative review of the literature, United States 2014–2024 |
| title_fullStr | Human papillomavirus vaccination at age 9 or 10 years to increase coverage – a narrative review of the literature, United States 2014–2024 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human papillomavirus vaccination at age 9 or 10 years to increase coverage – a narrative review of the literature, United States 2014–2024 |
| title_short | Human papillomavirus vaccination at age 9 or 10 years to increase coverage – a narrative review of the literature, United States 2014–2024 |
| title_sort | human papillomavirus vaccination at age 9 or 10 years to increase coverage a narrative review of the literature united states 2014 2024 |
| topic | Human papillomavirus vaccination policy vaccination at age 9 immunization schedule systematic review |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2480870 |
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