Stress Response and Perinatal Reprogramming: Unraveling (Mal)adaptive Strategies
Environmental stressors induce coping strategies in the majority of individuals. The stress response, involving the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the consequent release of corticosteroid hormones, is indeed aimed at promoting metabolic, functional, and behavioral a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Neural Plasticity |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6752193 |
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| author | Laura Musazzi Jordan Marrocco |
| author_facet | Laura Musazzi Jordan Marrocco |
| author_sort | Laura Musazzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Environmental stressors induce coping strategies in the majority of individuals. The stress response, involving the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the consequent release of corticosteroid hormones, is indeed aimed at promoting metabolic, functional, and behavioral adaptations. However, behavioral stress is also associated with fast and long-lasting neurochemical, structural, and behavioral changes, leading to long-term remodeling of glutamate transmission, and increased susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Of note, early-life events, both in utero and during the early postnatal life, trigger reprogramming of the stress response, which is often associated with loss of stress resilience and ensuing neurobehavioral (mal)adaptations. Indeed, adverse experiences in early life are known to induce long-term stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals. Here, we discuss recent findings about stress remodeling of excitatory neurotransmission and brain morphology in animal models of behavioral stress. These changes are likely driven by epigenetic factors that lie at the core of the stress-response reprogramming in individuals with a history of perinatal stress. We propose that reprogramming mechanisms may underlie the reorganization of excitatory neurotransmission in the short- and long-term response to stressful stimuli. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d23ac5a8f2994c18a5475d2a2398cb12 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-5904 1687-5443 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neural Plasticity |
| spelling | doaj-art-d23ac5a8f2994c18a5475d2a2398cb122025-02-03T05:59:02ZengWileyNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432016-01-01201610.1155/2016/67521936752193Stress Response and Perinatal Reprogramming: Unraveling (Mal)adaptive StrategiesLaura Musazzi0Jordan Marrocco1Laboratorio di Neuropsicofarmacologia e Neurogenomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, ItalyHarold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USAEnvironmental stressors induce coping strategies in the majority of individuals. The stress response, involving the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the consequent release of corticosteroid hormones, is indeed aimed at promoting metabolic, functional, and behavioral adaptations. However, behavioral stress is also associated with fast and long-lasting neurochemical, structural, and behavioral changes, leading to long-term remodeling of glutamate transmission, and increased susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Of note, early-life events, both in utero and during the early postnatal life, trigger reprogramming of the stress response, which is often associated with loss of stress resilience and ensuing neurobehavioral (mal)adaptations. Indeed, adverse experiences in early life are known to induce long-term stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals. Here, we discuss recent findings about stress remodeling of excitatory neurotransmission and brain morphology in animal models of behavioral stress. These changes are likely driven by epigenetic factors that lie at the core of the stress-response reprogramming in individuals with a history of perinatal stress. We propose that reprogramming mechanisms may underlie the reorganization of excitatory neurotransmission in the short- and long-term response to stressful stimuli.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6752193 |
| spellingShingle | Laura Musazzi Jordan Marrocco Stress Response and Perinatal Reprogramming: Unraveling (Mal)adaptive Strategies Neural Plasticity |
| title | Stress Response and Perinatal Reprogramming: Unraveling (Mal)adaptive Strategies |
| title_full | Stress Response and Perinatal Reprogramming: Unraveling (Mal)adaptive Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Stress Response and Perinatal Reprogramming: Unraveling (Mal)adaptive Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stress Response and Perinatal Reprogramming: Unraveling (Mal)adaptive Strategies |
| title_short | Stress Response and Perinatal Reprogramming: Unraveling (Mal)adaptive Strategies |
| title_sort | stress response and perinatal reprogramming unraveling mal adaptive strategies |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6752193 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lauramusazzi stressresponseandperinatalreprogrammingunravelingmaladaptivestrategies AT jordanmarrocco stressresponseandperinatalreprogrammingunravelingmaladaptivestrategies |