Effects of Vitamin C on Growth and Non-Specific Immune Response of Labeo gonius Fry in Density-Dependent Biofloc Rearing
Biofloc technology offers a viable choice for the rearing of fish seed by offering a safe and protected habitat for young fish. Nevertheless, it is crucial to establish a standardised stocking density and implement effective ameliorative steps in order to successfully utilise this technology. In thi...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Aquaculture Nutrition |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9930544 |
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| Summary: | Biofloc technology offers a viable choice for the rearing of fish seed by offering a safe and protected habitat for young fish. Nevertheless, it is crucial to establish a standardised stocking density and implement effective ameliorative steps in order to successfully utilise this technology. In this study, a 90-day investigation was conducted to assess the effect of stocking density and dietary vitamin C (Vit C) levels on the growth and immunity of Labeo gonius fry (1.03 ± 0.01 g) reared in a biofloc system. Three stocking density groups (5, 10 and 15 fish per 50 L) were established, and each experimental group was supplemented with three levels of Vit C (0, 500 and 1000 mg kg−1). The highest survival rate was observed in the lowest density group (five fish per 50 L) fed with 1000 mg kg−1 Vit C. A better feed conversion ratio and significantly higher protein efficiency ratio were found in the moderate stocking density group (10 fish per 50 L) fed with 500 mg kg−1 Vit C. Total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin, and packed cell volume improved in Vit C-fed groups. The total erythrocyte count (TEC) increased in groups fed Vit C and stocked at lower densities (5 and 10 fish per 50 L). Total serum protein (TPP) content increased when Vit C was added at a rate of 500 mg kg−1. Serum glucose and cortisol levels were significantly reduced in Vit C-supplemented groups. Supplementation of Vit C at 500 mg kg−1 resulted in a significantly lower value of malondialdehyde (MDA). Thus, the findings confirm that the incorporation of Vit C in the basal diet promotes the growth and health status of L. gonius fry reared in the biofloc system at high-density rearing. |
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| ISSN: | 1365-2095 |