Revolutionizing Underwater Sensor Performance: Tackling Rayleigh Scattering Challenges by Pseudo Random Noise
Abstract Traditionally, Rayleigh scattering is thought to only impact fiber sensing system performance when the leading fiber is over 10 km long. However, this report illustrates theoretically and experimentally that Rayleigh scattering cannot be ignored in fiber optic interferometric sensor (FOIS)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411967 |
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| author | Qihao Hu Fan Shang Lina Ma Wujie Wang Yi Yu Yujie Bian Xiaoqian Zhu Junqiang Song |
| author_facet | Qihao Hu Fan Shang Lina Ma Wujie Wang Yi Yu Yujie Bian Xiaoqian Zhu Junqiang Song |
| author_sort | Qihao Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Traditionally, Rayleigh scattering is thought to only impact fiber sensing system performance when the leading fiber is over 10 km long. However, this report illustrates theoretically and experimentally that Rayleigh scattering cannot be ignored in fiber optic interferometric sensor (FOIS) even with several hundred‐meter common leading fiber because of the interaction of Rayleigh backward scattering (RBS) and returning interference signal. Herein, a conceptual framework is developed to elucidate the interaction between RBS and FOIS interference, revealing that, beyond laser monochromacity, the self‐correction characteristic of laser pulses also influences coherent superposition. Building upon this novel insight, a phase modulation method based on pseudorandom noise (PRN) code is first proposed to address coherent RBS stacking on returning FOIS interferences while preserving high laser monochromacity. By modulating the interrogation pulses, a 21.3 dB suppression of background phase noise is achieved in FOIS with 3.3 km leading fiber. This study offers a holistic understanding of Rayleigh scattering in the leading fiber, encompassing experimental observations, theoretical modeling, physics analysis, and its resolution, thereby contributing to advancements in underwater sensing to broaden the understanding of the underwater environment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d1e7baffd09049ddb2fd5698e6fc55a8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-d1e7baffd09049ddb2fd5698e6fc55a82025-01-29T09:50:19ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-01-01124n/an/a10.1002/advs.202411967Revolutionizing Underwater Sensor Performance: Tackling Rayleigh Scattering Challenges by Pseudo Random NoiseQihao Hu0Fan Shang1Lina Ma2Wujie Wang3Yi Yu4Yujie Bian5Xiaoqian Zhu6Junqiang Song7College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan 410073 ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan 410073 ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan 410073 ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan 410073 ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan 410073 ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan 410073 ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan 410073 ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan 410073 ChinaAbstract Traditionally, Rayleigh scattering is thought to only impact fiber sensing system performance when the leading fiber is over 10 km long. However, this report illustrates theoretically and experimentally that Rayleigh scattering cannot be ignored in fiber optic interferometric sensor (FOIS) even with several hundred‐meter common leading fiber because of the interaction of Rayleigh backward scattering (RBS) and returning interference signal. Herein, a conceptual framework is developed to elucidate the interaction between RBS and FOIS interference, revealing that, beyond laser monochromacity, the self‐correction characteristic of laser pulses also influences coherent superposition. Building upon this novel insight, a phase modulation method based on pseudorandom noise (PRN) code is first proposed to address coherent RBS stacking on returning FOIS interferences while preserving high laser monochromacity. By modulating the interrogation pulses, a 21.3 dB suppression of background phase noise is achieved in FOIS with 3.3 km leading fiber. This study offers a holistic understanding of Rayleigh scattering in the leading fiber, encompassing experimental observations, theoretical modeling, physics analysis, and its resolution, thereby contributing to advancements in underwater sensing to broaden the understanding of the underwater environment.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411967fiber optic interferometric sensorsphase modulationpseudorandom noise codesRayleigh scattering |
| spellingShingle | Qihao Hu Fan Shang Lina Ma Wujie Wang Yi Yu Yujie Bian Xiaoqian Zhu Junqiang Song Revolutionizing Underwater Sensor Performance: Tackling Rayleigh Scattering Challenges by Pseudo Random Noise Advanced Science fiber optic interferometric sensors phase modulation pseudorandom noise codes Rayleigh scattering |
| title | Revolutionizing Underwater Sensor Performance: Tackling Rayleigh Scattering Challenges by Pseudo Random Noise |
| title_full | Revolutionizing Underwater Sensor Performance: Tackling Rayleigh Scattering Challenges by Pseudo Random Noise |
| title_fullStr | Revolutionizing Underwater Sensor Performance: Tackling Rayleigh Scattering Challenges by Pseudo Random Noise |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revolutionizing Underwater Sensor Performance: Tackling Rayleigh Scattering Challenges by Pseudo Random Noise |
| title_short | Revolutionizing Underwater Sensor Performance: Tackling Rayleigh Scattering Challenges by Pseudo Random Noise |
| title_sort | revolutionizing underwater sensor performance tackling rayleigh scattering challenges by pseudo random noise |
| topic | fiber optic interferometric sensors phase modulation pseudorandom noise codes Rayleigh scattering |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202411967 |
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