Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects
Abstract The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health, influencing a wide range of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and neurological function. Recent studies have shown that imbalances in gut microbiota composition can contribute to the onset...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-12-01
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| Series: | MedComm |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70012 |
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| author | Yusheng Zhang Hong Wang Yiwei Sang Mei Liu Qing Wang Hongjun Yang Xianyu Li |
| author_facet | Yusheng Zhang Hong Wang Yiwei Sang Mei Liu Qing Wang Hongjun Yang Xianyu Li |
| author_sort | Yusheng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health, influencing a wide range of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and neurological function. Recent studies have shown that imbalances in gut microbiota composition can contribute to the onset and progression of various diseases, such as metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity and diabetes) and neurodegenerative conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's). These conditions are often accompanied by chronic inflammation and dysregulated immune responses, which are closely linked to specific forms of cell death, including pyroptosis and ferroptosis. Pathogenic bacteria in the gut can trigger these cell death pathways through toxin release, while probiotics have been found to mitigate these effects by modulating immune responses. Despite these insights, the precise mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences these diseases remain insufficiently understood. This review consolidates recent findings on the impact of gut microbiota in these immune‐mediated and inflammation‐associated conditions. It also identifies gaps in current research and explores the potential of advanced technologies, such as organ‐on‐chip models and the microbiome–gut–organ axis, for deepening our understanding. Emerging tools, including single‐bacterium omics and spatial metabolomics, are discussed for their promise in elucidating the microbiota's role in disease development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d1aedcd3467d4e1e8efc0832f9ef5a08 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2688-2663 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | MedComm |
| spelling | doaj-art-d1aedcd3467d4e1e8efc0832f9ef5a082025-08-20T02:58:44ZengWileyMedComm2688-26632024-12-01512n/an/a10.1002/mco2.70012Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospectsYusheng Zhang0Hong Wang1Yiwei Sang2Mei Liu3Qing Wang4Hongjun Yang5Xianyu Li6Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases Experimental Research Center China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases Experimental Research Center China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases Experimental Research Center China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing ChinaSchool of Life Sciences Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing ChinaState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao‐di Herbs China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases Experimental Research Center China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing ChinaAbstract The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health, influencing a wide range of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and neurological function. Recent studies have shown that imbalances in gut microbiota composition can contribute to the onset and progression of various diseases, such as metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity and diabetes) and neurodegenerative conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's). These conditions are often accompanied by chronic inflammation and dysregulated immune responses, which are closely linked to specific forms of cell death, including pyroptosis and ferroptosis. Pathogenic bacteria in the gut can trigger these cell death pathways through toxin release, while probiotics have been found to mitigate these effects by modulating immune responses. Despite these insights, the precise mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences these diseases remain insufficiently understood. This review consolidates recent findings on the impact of gut microbiota in these immune‐mediated and inflammation‐associated conditions. It also identifies gaps in current research and explores the potential of advanced technologies, such as organ‐on‐chip models and the microbiome–gut–organ axis, for deepening our understanding. Emerging tools, including single‐bacterium omics and spatial metabolomics, are discussed for their promise in elucidating the microbiota's role in disease development.https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70012cell deathferroptosisgut microbiotamicrobiome–gut–organ axis chippyroptosissingle‐bacterium omics |
| spellingShingle | Yusheng Zhang Hong Wang Yiwei Sang Mei Liu Qing Wang Hongjun Yang Xianyu Li Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects MedComm cell death ferroptosis gut microbiota microbiome–gut–organ axis chip pyroptosis single‐bacterium omics |
| title | Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects |
| title_full | Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects |
| title_fullStr | Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects |
| title_short | Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects |
| title_sort | gut microbiota in health and disease advances and future prospects |
| topic | cell death ferroptosis gut microbiota microbiome–gut–organ axis chip pyroptosis single‐bacterium omics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70012 |
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