The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge
Background. Amnion grafts can be preserved as freeze-dried amnion membrane (FD-AM) and amnion sponge. Preserved grafts require to be sterilized by gamma irradiation. However, each step of the process could affect its biological properties. Even so, there are only a few studies that report the influe...
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2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Biomaterials |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685225 |
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| author | Heri Suroto Deny M. Aryawan Camilla A. Prakoeswa |
| author_facet | Heri Suroto Deny M. Aryawan Camilla A. Prakoeswa |
| author_sort | Heri Suroto |
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| description | Background. Amnion grafts can be preserved as freeze-dried amnion membrane (FD-AM) and amnion sponge. Preserved grafts require to be sterilized by gamma irradiation. However, each step of the process could affect its biological properties. Even so, there are only a few studies that report the influence of the preservation method and gamma irradiation on growth factor levels in preserved amniotic grafts. Methods. This was an in vitro experimental study with a pretest-posttest group design using a consecutive sampling technique in one batch of amnion donors at a particular time. The amnion was made into FD-AM and amnion sponge preparations, and they were sterilized with gamma irradiation (15 kGy and 25 kGy). Nonirradiated specimens served as controls, and 20 mg of each specimen was pulverized to evaluate the growth factors levels using ELISA. Results. There were significant decreases in amnion sponge compared to the FD-AM, both in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels and in the preirradiated and 25 kGy postirradiated preparations (p≤0.05). The growth factor levels in the preirradiated and postirradiated FD-AM (both 15 kGy and 25 kGy) showed significant differences (p≤0.05). Likewise, the preirradiated amnion sponge group’s growth factor levels compared with the postirradiated amnion sponge group also showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05). Conclusion. TGF-β and bFGF levels were lower in amnion sponge than FD-AM. The FD-AM and amnion sponge preparations’ growth factors levels were reduced following gamma irradiation sterilization. Although the decrease in growth factor levels is significant, the number of growth factor levels is still sufficient for tissue healing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d14a669f707a4930beb746135e4aae5f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8787 1687-8795 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | International Journal of Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-d14a669f707a4930beb746135e4aae5f2025-02-03T01:29:19ZengWileyInternational Journal of Biomaterials1687-87871687-87952021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66852256685225The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion SpongeHeri Suroto0Deny M. Aryawan1Camilla A. Prakoeswa2Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya 60131, IndonesiaDepartment of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya 60131, IndonesiaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, IndonesiaBackground. Amnion grafts can be preserved as freeze-dried amnion membrane (FD-AM) and amnion sponge. Preserved grafts require to be sterilized by gamma irradiation. However, each step of the process could affect its biological properties. Even so, there are only a few studies that report the influence of the preservation method and gamma irradiation on growth factor levels in preserved amniotic grafts. Methods. This was an in vitro experimental study with a pretest-posttest group design using a consecutive sampling technique in one batch of amnion donors at a particular time. The amnion was made into FD-AM and amnion sponge preparations, and they were sterilized with gamma irradiation (15 kGy and 25 kGy). Nonirradiated specimens served as controls, and 20 mg of each specimen was pulverized to evaluate the growth factors levels using ELISA. Results. There were significant decreases in amnion sponge compared to the FD-AM, both in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels and in the preirradiated and 25 kGy postirradiated preparations (p≤0.05). The growth factor levels in the preirradiated and postirradiated FD-AM (both 15 kGy and 25 kGy) showed significant differences (p≤0.05). Likewise, the preirradiated amnion sponge group’s growth factor levels compared with the postirradiated amnion sponge group also showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05). Conclusion. TGF-β and bFGF levels were lower in amnion sponge than FD-AM. The FD-AM and amnion sponge preparations’ growth factors levels were reduced following gamma irradiation sterilization. Although the decrease in growth factor levels is significant, the number of growth factor levels is still sufficient for tissue healing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685225 |
| spellingShingle | Heri Suroto Deny M. Aryawan Camilla A. Prakoeswa The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge International Journal of Biomaterials |
| title | The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge |
| title_full | The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge |
| title_short | The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-β and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge |
| title_sort | influence of the preservation method and gamma irradiation sterilization on tgf β and bfgf levels in freeze dried amnion membrane fd am and amnion sponge |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685225 |
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