Updated Nematocyst Types in Tentacle of Venomous Box Jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> <sub>(Sucharitakul, 2017)</sub> and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> <sub>(Horst, 1907)</sub> (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) in Thai Waters
The multiple-tentacle box jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> (Sucharitakul, 2017) and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> (Horst, 1907), are venomous species found in Thai waters. They are responsible for numerous envenomations through their stinging organelles, nematocyst...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Thippawan Yasanga Klintean Wunnapuk Rochana Phuackchantuck Lakkana Thaikruea Thunyaporn Achalawitkun Purinat Rungraung Sineenart Santidherakul |
| author_facet | Thippawan Yasanga Klintean Wunnapuk Rochana Phuackchantuck Lakkana Thaikruea Thunyaporn Achalawitkun Purinat Rungraung Sineenart Santidherakul |
| author_sort | Thippawan Yasanga |
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| description | The multiple-tentacle box jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> (Sucharitakul, 2017) and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> (Horst, 1907), are venomous species found in Thai waters. They are responsible for numerous envenomations through their stinging organelles, nematocysts. These specialized microscopic structures discharge venom, yet detailed knowledge of their types and morphology in these species remains limited. This study updates the characterization of nematocyst types and features in <i>C. indrasaksajiae</i> and <i>C. buitendijki</i> using light and scanning electron microscopy for detailed examination. Four distinct nematocyst types were identified: banana-shaped microbasic p-mastigophores, oval-shaped microbasic p-rhopaloids, sub-spherical microbasic p-rhopaloids, and rod-shaped isorhizas. In <i>C. indrasaksajiae</i>, banana-shaped microbasic p-mastigophores exhibited significant intraspecific variability, ranging from 30.26 µm to 102.56 µm in length and 6.42 µm to 17.01 µm in width. Conversely, <i>C. buitendijki</i> showed a narrower size range, 72.17 µm to 98.37 µm in length and 10.73 µm to 16.48 µm in width, based on multiple individuals. The size ranges for the other nematocyst types were consistent across both species. This study enhances the understanding of nematocyst morphology in these box jellyfish, providing a foundation for further research on venom delivery mechanisms and improved management of jellyfish envenomations in Thai waters. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d146e2e327124b7e837fa3082b47e3ee |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj-art-d146e2e327124b7e837fa3082b47e3ee2025-01-24T13:51:19ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512025-01-011714410.3390/toxins17010044Updated Nematocyst Types in Tentacle of Venomous Box Jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> <sub>(Sucharitakul, 2017)</sub> and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> <sub>(Horst, 1907)</sub> (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) in Thai WatersThippawan Yasanga0Klintean Wunnapuk1Rochana Phuackchantuck2Lakkana Thaikruea3Thunyaporn Achalawitkun4Purinat Rungraung5Sineenart Santidherakul6Medical Science Research Equipment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandResearch Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandWorking Group on Maritime Service Plan System Development, Region 11, Royal Thai Ministry of Public Health, Surat Thani 84000, ThailandChumphon Fisheries Provincial Office, Department of Fisheries, Chumphon 86000, ThailandMarine and Coastal Resources Research Center, The Upper Gulf of Thailand, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Samut Sakhon 74000, ThailandMedical Science Research Equipment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandThe multiple-tentacle box jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> (Sucharitakul, 2017) and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> (Horst, 1907), are venomous species found in Thai waters. They are responsible for numerous envenomations through their stinging organelles, nematocysts. These specialized microscopic structures discharge venom, yet detailed knowledge of their types and morphology in these species remains limited. This study updates the characterization of nematocyst types and features in <i>C. indrasaksajiae</i> and <i>C. buitendijki</i> using light and scanning electron microscopy for detailed examination. Four distinct nematocyst types were identified: banana-shaped microbasic p-mastigophores, oval-shaped microbasic p-rhopaloids, sub-spherical microbasic p-rhopaloids, and rod-shaped isorhizas. In <i>C. indrasaksajiae</i>, banana-shaped microbasic p-mastigophores exhibited significant intraspecific variability, ranging from 30.26 µm to 102.56 µm in length and 6.42 µm to 17.01 µm in width. Conversely, <i>C. buitendijki</i> showed a narrower size range, 72.17 µm to 98.37 µm in length and 10.73 µm to 16.48 µm in width, based on multiple individuals. The size ranges for the other nematocyst types were consistent across both species. This study enhances the understanding of nematocyst morphology in these box jellyfish, providing a foundation for further research on venom delivery mechanisms and improved management of jellyfish envenomations in Thai waters.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/1/44Cubozoabox jellyfishnematocystmorphologicalstinging organellespray capture |
| spellingShingle | Thippawan Yasanga Klintean Wunnapuk Rochana Phuackchantuck Lakkana Thaikruea Thunyaporn Achalawitkun Purinat Rungraung Sineenart Santidherakul Updated Nematocyst Types in Tentacle of Venomous Box Jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> <sub>(Sucharitakul, 2017)</sub> and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> <sub>(Horst, 1907)</sub> (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) in Thai Waters Toxins Cubozoa box jellyfish nematocyst morphological stinging organelles pray capture |
| title | Updated Nematocyst Types in Tentacle of Venomous Box Jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> <sub>(Sucharitakul, 2017)</sub> and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> <sub>(Horst, 1907)</sub> (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) in Thai Waters |
| title_full | Updated Nematocyst Types in Tentacle of Venomous Box Jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> <sub>(Sucharitakul, 2017)</sub> and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> <sub>(Horst, 1907)</sub> (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) in Thai Waters |
| title_fullStr | Updated Nematocyst Types in Tentacle of Venomous Box Jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> <sub>(Sucharitakul, 2017)</sub> and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> <sub>(Horst, 1907)</sub> (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) in Thai Waters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Updated Nematocyst Types in Tentacle of Venomous Box Jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> <sub>(Sucharitakul, 2017)</sub> and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> <sub>(Horst, 1907)</sub> (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) in Thai Waters |
| title_short | Updated Nematocyst Types in Tentacle of Venomous Box Jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> <sub>(Sucharitakul, 2017)</sub> and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> <sub>(Horst, 1907)</sub> (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) in Thai Waters |
| title_sort | updated nematocyst types in tentacle of venomous box jellyfish i chironex indrasaksajiae i sub sucharitakul 2017 sub and i chiropsoides buitendijki i sub horst 1907 sub cnidaria cubozoa in thai waters |
| topic | Cubozoa box jellyfish nematocyst morphological stinging organelles pray capture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/1/44 |
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