Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
IntroductionThere is growing evidence that patients with SARS-CoV-2 (The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) may have a variety of cardiovascular complications in the post-acute phase of COVID-19, but these manifestations have not yet been comprehensively characterized.MethodsWe perform...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1450470/full |
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| author | Ting Zhang Zhimao Li Qimin Mei Joseph Harold Walline Zhaocai Zhang Yecheng Liu Huadong Zhu Bin Du |
| author_facet | Ting Zhang Zhimao Li Qimin Mei Joseph Harold Walline Zhaocai Zhang Yecheng Liu Huadong Zhu Bin Du |
| author_sort | Ting Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThere is growing evidence that patients with SARS-CoV-2 (The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) may have a variety of cardiovascular complications in the post-acute phase of COVID-19, but these manifestations have not yet been comprehensively characterized.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary research papers which evaluated individuals at least four weeks after confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and reported on cardiovascular disease prevalence. Systematic search conducted without language restrictions from December 1, 2019 to June 31, 2022 on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library, ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database, COVID-19 Living Overview of the Evidence (L-OVE) subset of Episteminokos and the World Health Organization (WHO) Covid-19 databases. Study was reported according to MOOSE-lists and the PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias was identified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. Random-effects meta-analyses examined the pooled risk difference in the prevalence of each symptom or symptom combination in cases with confirmed SARS-coV-2 infection compared with controls.ResultsEight cohort studies were eligible, including nearly 10 million people. Long COVID-19 was associated with a higher risk of thromboembolic disorders [HR 3.12 (1.60, 6.08)], coronary heart disease [HR 1.61 (1.13, 2.31)], stroke [HR 1.71 (1.07,2.72)], arrhythmia [HR 1.60 (1.13, 2.26)], cardiomyopathy [HR 1.71 (1.12, 2.61)], myocarditis [HR 6.11 (4.17,8.94)], hypertension [HR 1.70 (1.56, 1.85)], heart failure [HR 1.72 (1.15,2.59)] and cardiogenic shock [HR 2.09 (1.53,2.86)] compared to non-COVID-19 controls. Pooled risk differences in long COVID cases compared to controls were significantly higher for cardiomyopathy [0.15% (0.06, 0.23)], deep vein thrombosis [0.45% (0.06, 0.83)] and hypertension (0.32%, (0.06, 0.58) but not for thromboembolic disorders, coronary disease, stroke, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, hypertension, heart failure or cardiogenic shock.ConclusionThe risk of cardiovascular disease increased significantly four weeks or more after recovering from acute COVID-19. Care for survivors after an acute attack of COVID-19 should include paying close attention to cardiovascular health and disease.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO [CRD42022353965]. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d134efd4282348ea980479e95b5ddd61 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-055X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-d134efd4282348ea980479e95b5ddd612025-01-29T06:45:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2025-01-011210.3389/fcvm.2025.14504701450470Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysisTing Zhang0Zhimao Li1Qimin Mei2Joseph Harold Walline3Zhaocai Zhang4Yecheng Liu5Huadong Zhu6Bin Du7State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United StatesDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaIntroductionThere is growing evidence that patients with SARS-CoV-2 (The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) may have a variety of cardiovascular complications in the post-acute phase of COVID-19, but these manifestations have not yet been comprehensively characterized.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary research papers which evaluated individuals at least four weeks after confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and reported on cardiovascular disease prevalence. Systematic search conducted without language restrictions from December 1, 2019 to June 31, 2022 on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library, ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database, COVID-19 Living Overview of the Evidence (L-OVE) subset of Episteminokos and the World Health Organization (WHO) Covid-19 databases. Study was reported according to MOOSE-lists and the PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias was identified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. Random-effects meta-analyses examined the pooled risk difference in the prevalence of each symptom or symptom combination in cases with confirmed SARS-coV-2 infection compared with controls.ResultsEight cohort studies were eligible, including nearly 10 million people. Long COVID-19 was associated with a higher risk of thromboembolic disorders [HR 3.12 (1.60, 6.08)], coronary heart disease [HR 1.61 (1.13, 2.31)], stroke [HR 1.71 (1.07,2.72)], arrhythmia [HR 1.60 (1.13, 2.26)], cardiomyopathy [HR 1.71 (1.12, 2.61)], myocarditis [HR 6.11 (4.17,8.94)], hypertension [HR 1.70 (1.56, 1.85)], heart failure [HR 1.72 (1.15,2.59)] and cardiogenic shock [HR 2.09 (1.53,2.86)] compared to non-COVID-19 controls. Pooled risk differences in long COVID cases compared to controls were significantly higher for cardiomyopathy [0.15% (0.06, 0.23)], deep vein thrombosis [0.45% (0.06, 0.83)] and hypertension (0.32%, (0.06, 0.58) but not for thromboembolic disorders, coronary disease, stroke, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, hypertension, heart failure or cardiogenic shock.ConclusionThe risk of cardiovascular disease increased significantly four weeks or more after recovering from acute COVID-19. Care for survivors after an acute attack of COVID-19 should include paying close attention to cardiovascular health and disease.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO [CRD42022353965].https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1450470/fullCOVID-19cardiovascularlong-COVIDmeta-analysisCOVID-19 management |
| spellingShingle | Ting Zhang Zhimao Li Qimin Mei Joseph Harold Walline Zhaocai Zhang Yecheng Liu Huadong Zhu Bin Du Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine COVID-19 cardiovascular long-COVID meta-analysis COVID-19 management |
| title | Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | cardiovascular outcomes in long covid 19 a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | COVID-19 cardiovascular long-COVID meta-analysis COVID-19 management |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1450470/full |
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