Heavy grazing intensifies antagonistic effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the water use efficiency of grasslands in Inner Mongolia

Heavy grazing intensifies antagonistic effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the water use efficiency of grasslands in Inner Mongolia

Abstract Background Plant water use efficiency (WUE) is a key indicator of coupling between the carbon and water cycles in grassland ecosystems and is influenced by both grazing and nutrient availability. However, the regulatory effects of grazing intensity on plant WUE under nitrogen (N) and phosph...

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Main Authors: Xuebao Xu, Shiming Tang, Yanlong Li, Guangyi Lv, Tongrui Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zhaokai Sun, Zhenpeng Liu, Xinning Wang, Hongyun Yao, Cuiping Gao, Xinya Wang, Chongzhi Sun, Fengqin Yuan, Lei Zhang, Chengjie Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Ecological Processes
Subjects:
Water use efficiency
Stable carbon isotope
Grazing
N addition
P addition
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-025-00621-0
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