Role of voltage-gated chloride channels in epilepsy: current insights and future directions

Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures caused by excessive neuronal discharge. Disruptions in chloride ion homeostasis significantly affect neuronal excitability, and play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. This review highlight...

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Main Authors: Ming-Ming Ni, Jie-Yu Sun, Zheng-Qian Li, Jin-Chun Qiu, Chun-Feng Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1560392/full
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author Ming-Ming Ni
Jie-Yu Sun
Zheng-Qian Li
Jin-Chun Qiu
Chun-Feng Wu
author_facet Ming-Ming Ni
Jie-Yu Sun
Zheng-Qian Li
Jin-Chun Qiu
Chun-Feng Wu
author_sort Ming-Ming Ni
collection DOAJ
description Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures caused by excessive neuronal discharge. Disruptions in chloride ion homeostasis significantly affect neuronal excitability, and play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. This review highlights the emerging importance of chloride voltage-gated channels in epilepsy, which has been largely underappreciated compared to cation channels. Recent studies have suggested that genetic alterations in chloride channels, such as CLCN1, CLCN2, CLCN3, CLCN4, and CLCN6, contribute to neuronal excitability and seizure susceptibility, with variations in these channels acting more as susceptibility factors than direct causes. However, there is a significant gap in the research on other chloride channels, particularly ClC-Ka, ClC-Kb, ClC-5, and ClC-7, whose roles in epilepsy remain underexplored. Future research should focus on these channels to better understand their contribution to the pathophysiology of epilepsy. The incorporation of genetic tests for chloride channel variants in clinical practice could provide valuable insight into the aetiology of epilepsy, leading to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for affected individuals.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-d10c9dfeee834f90bef58f728d2e9b8c2025-08-20T02:48:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-03-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15603921560392Role of voltage-gated chloride channels in epilepsy: current insights and future directionsMing-Ming Ni0Jie-Yu Sun1Zheng-Qian Li2Jin-Chun Qiu3Chun-Feng Wu4Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Qinghai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xining, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaEpilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures caused by excessive neuronal discharge. Disruptions in chloride ion homeostasis significantly affect neuronal excitability, and play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. This review highlights the emerging importance of chloride voltage-gated channels in epilepsy, which has been largely underappreciated compared to cation channels. Recent studies have suggested that genetic alterations in chloride channels, such as CLCN1, CLCN2, CLCN3, CLCN4, and CLCN6, contribute to neuronal excitability and seizure susceptibility, with variations in these channels acting more as susceptibility factors than direct causes. However, there is a significant gap in the research on other chloride channels, particularly ClC-Ka, ClC-Kb, ClC-5, and ClC-7, whose roles in epilepsy remain underexplored. Future research should focus on these channels to better understand their contribution to the pathophysiology of epilepsy. The incorporation of genetic tests for chloride channel variants in clinical practice could provide valuable insight into the aetiology of epilepsy, leading to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for affected individuals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1560392/fullchloride channelsepilepsyion channelsneuronal excitabilitygenetic variants
spellingShingle Ming-Ming Ni
Jie-Yu Sun
Zheng-Qian Li
Jin-Chun Qiu
Chun-Feng Wu
Role of voltage-gated chloride channels in epilepsy: current insights and future directions
Frontiers in Pharmacology
chloride channels
epilepsy
ion channels
neuronal excitability
genetic variants
title Role of voltage-gated chloride channels in epilepsy: current insights and future directions
title_full Role of voltage-gated chloride channels in epilepsy: current insights and future directions
title_fullStr Role of voltage-gated chloride channels in epilepsy: current insights and future directions
title_full_unstemmed Role of voltage-gated chloride channels in epilepsy: current insights and future directions
title_short Role of voltage-gated chloride channels in epilepsy: current insights and future directions
title_sort role of voltage gated chloride channels in epilepsy current insights and future directions
topic chloride channels
epilepsy
ion channels
neuronal excitability
genetic variants
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1560392/full
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AT jieyusun roleofvoltagegatedchloridechannelsinepilepsycurrentinsightsandfuturedirections
AT zhengqianli roleofvoltagegatedchloridechannelsinepilepsycurrentinsightsandfuturedirections
AT jinchunqiu roleofvoltagegatedchloridechannelsinepilepsycurrentinsightsandfuturedirections
AT chunfengwu roleofvoltagegatedchloridechannelsinepilepsycurrentinsightsandfuturedirections