Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">The present paper redescribes and illustrates five common species of </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">Hymenoscyphus,...
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
1982-12-01
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| Series: | Caldasia |
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| Online Access: | http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/34840 |
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| description | <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">The present paper redescribes and illustrates five common species of </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">Hymenoscyphus, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">H. caudatus, H. serotinus, H. affin. scutulus, H. Iasiopodtum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">& H.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">sclerogenus, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from Colombia and adjacent regions in South America. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Emphasis is given to discussions of anatomical and morphological variability </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and host specificity of the species included. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Inoperculate Discomycetes are generally small Ascomycetes producing an </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">apothecium as their sexual fruiting structure. The largest order, the Helotiales, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">contains 5 families: Dermateaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae, Orbiliaceae, Sclerotiniaceae </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and Leotiaceae, In recent years there have been several monographic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and submonographic studies on selected genera within these families, but no </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">definitive studies on the principal family, Leotiaceae (previously referred to </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">as the Helotiaceae), has been prepared. These studies have resulted in a </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">better understanding of some of the family limits, but most of the generic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">limits still remain vague and confused. This is especially true for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">(previously referred to by most workers as H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">elotium), </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">decades has been the depository for small Discomycetes of uncertain affinities. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">White (1942, 1942-a, 1943, 1944) began to work systematically through </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and to bring order out of the existing chaos. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">His carefully prepared descriptions, meticulously drawn illustrations, and long </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">synonymies were the real important contribution to the understanding of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">genus. The most recent attempts to study</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been by </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis, who summarized his works in 1964 (Dennis, 1964). However, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis himself points out, he was unable to come to a sound understanding </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and arrangement of the species because of the extent of the problems, and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the resulting treatment is rather artificial. He relied heavily upon substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and geographical relations, rather than true morphological similarities. We </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">agree with Dennis, that this has resulted in the separation of closely related </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">taxa and an "unnecessary proliferation of names". </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Although Dennis contributions were extraordinary in terms of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">number of described species he examined and in his literature searches, he did </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">not have at his disposal necessary tropical collections for a complete comprehension </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">of the individual species and/or the entire genus. Further, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">pointed out by Dumont (1976), because of limited collections Dennis was </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">unable to understand the full morphological and geographical variation of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">certain species and recognized several taxa, when in the final analysis only </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">one existed. Many of these deficiencies are apparent in his monumental work </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">on "The Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries" (Dennis, 1970). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">for example, he included only seven species (in his 1964 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">treatment he included more than 70 species for the world), and of these </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">three, H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">crocatus , </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">caracassensis and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">atrosubiculatum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been removed </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from the genus by Dumont (1974) and Dumont and Pal (1978). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Arendholz (1979) has recently provided a very important contribution </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">to the understanding of several species of leaf inhabiting species of</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Again, as with previous workers, his work stressed temperate collections </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and temperate species. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The purpose of the present study is to report the findings of some of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">our tropical collecting, to expand the understanding of five species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which appear to be common in northern South America, to discuss </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the morphological variability observed, and to comment on the host or substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">specificity (or lack of it) within certain taxa. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The materials and methods used during these studies are the same as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">those reported by Dumont (1972). The following is a key to the five species </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">reported herein.</span><br><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">The present paper redescribes and illustrates five common species of </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">Hymenoscyphus, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">H. caudatus, H. serotinus, H. affin. scutulus, H. Iasiopodtum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">& H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">sclerogenus, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from Colombia and adjacent regions in South America. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Emphasis is given to discussions of anatomical and morphological variability </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and host specificity of the species included. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Inoperculate Discomycetes are generally small Ascomycetes producing an </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">apothecium as their sexual fruiting structure. The largest order, the Helotiales, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">contains 5 families: Dermateaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae, Orbiliaceae, Sclerotiniaceae </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and Leotiaceae, In recent years there have been several monographic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and submonographic studies on selected genera within these families, but no </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">definitive studies on the principal family, Leotiaceae (previously referred to </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">as the Helotiaceae), has been prepared. These studies have resulted in a </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">better understanding of some of the family limits, but most of the generic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">limits still remain vague and confused. This is especially true for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">(previously referred to by most workers as H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">elotium), </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">decades has been the depository for small Discomycetes of uncertain affinities. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">White (1942, 1942-a, 1943, 1944) began to work systematically through </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and to bring order out of the existing chaos. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">His carefully prepared descriptions, meticulously drawn illustrations, and long </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">synonymies were the real important contribution to the understanding of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">genus. The most recent attempts to study </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been by </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis, who summarized his works in 1964 (Dennis, 1964). However, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis himself points out, he was unable to come to a sound understanding </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and arrangement of the species because of the extent of the problems, and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the resulting treatment is rather artificial. He relied heavily upon substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and geographical relations, rather than true morphological similarities. We </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">agree with Dennis, that this has resulted in the separation of closely related </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">taxa and an "unnecessary proliferation of names". </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Although Dennis contributions were extraordinary in terms of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">number of described species he examined and in his literature searches, he did </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">not have at his disposal necessary tropical collections for a complete comprehension </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">of the individual species and/or the entire genus. Further, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">pointed out by Dumont (1976), because of limited collections Dennis was </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">unable to understand the full morphological and geographical variation of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">certain species and recognized several taxa, when in the final analysis only </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">one existed. Many of these deficiencies are apparent in his monumental work </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">on "The Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries" (Dennis, 1970). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">for example, he included only seven species (in his 1964 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">treatment he included more than 70 species for the world), and of these </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">three, H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">crocatus , </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">caracassensis and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">atrosubiculatum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been removed </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from the genus by Dumont (1974) and Dumont and Pal (1978). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Arendholz (1979) has recently provided a very important contribution </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">to the understanding of several species of leaf inhabiting species of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Again, as with previous workers, his work stressed temperate collections </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and temperate species. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The purpose of the present study is to report the findings of some of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">our tropical collecting, to expand the understanding of five species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which appear to be common in northern South America, to discuss </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the morphological variability observed, and to comment on the host or substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">specificity (or lack of it) within certain taxa. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The materials and methods used during these studies are the same as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">those reported by Dumont (1972). The following is a key to the five species </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">reported herein.</span></p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d0a27346a7af4bdea1d2aaaea4e91f3b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0366-5232 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 1982-12-01 |
| publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Caldasia |
| spelling | doaj-art-d0a27346a7af4bdea1d2aaaea4e91f3b2025-08-20T02:08:04ZengUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaCaldasia0366-52321982-12-011364567602Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regionsDumont K. P.Carpenter S. E.<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">The present paper redescribes and illustrates five common species of </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">Hymenoscyphus, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">H. caudatus, H. serotinus, H. affin. scutulus, H. Iasiopodtum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">& H.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">sclerogenus, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from Colombia and adjacent regions in South America. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Emphasis is given to discussions of anatomical and morphological variability </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and host specificity of the species included. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Inoperculate Discomycetes are generally small Ascomycetes producing an </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">apothecium as their sexual fruiting structure. The largest order, the Helotiales, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">contains 5 families: Dermateaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae, Orbiliaceae, Sclerotiniaceae </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and Leotiaceae, In recent years there have been several monographic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and submonographic studies on selected genera within these families, but no </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">definitive studies on the principal family, Leotiaceae (previously referred to </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">as the Helotiaceae), has been prepared. These studies have resulted in a </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">better understanding of some of the family limits, but most of the generic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">limits still remain vague and confused. This is especially true for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">(previously referred to by most workers as H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">elotium), </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">decades has been the depository for small Discomycetes of uncertain affinities. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">White (1942, 1942-a, 1943, 1944) began to work systematically through </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and to bring order out of the existing chaos. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">His carefully prepared descriptions, meticulously drawn illustrations, and long </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">synonymies were the real important contribution to the understanding of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">genus. The most recent attempts to study</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been by </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis, who summarized his works in 1964 (Dennis, 1964). However, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis himself points out, he was unable to come to a sound understanding </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and arrangement of the species because of the extent of the problems, and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the resulting treatment is rather artificial. He relied heavily upon substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and geographical relations, rather than true morphological similarities. We </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">agree with Dennis, that this has resulted in the separation of closely related </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">taxa and an "unnecessary proliferation of names". </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Although Dennis contributions were extraordinary in terms of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">number of described species he examined and in his literature searches, he did </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">not have at his disposal necessary tropical collections for a complete comprehension </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">of the individual species and/or the entire genus. Further, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">pointed out by Dumont (1976), because of limited collections Dennis was </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">unable to understand the full morphological and geographical variation of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">certain species and recognized several taxa, when in the final analysis only </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">one existed. Many of these deficiencies are apparent in his monumental work </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">on "The Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries" (Dennis, 1970). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">for example, he included only seven species (in his 1964 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">treatment he included more than 70 species for the world), and of these </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">three, H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">crocatus , </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">caracassensis and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">atrosubiculatum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been removed </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from the genus by Dumont (1974) and Dumont and Pal (1978). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Arendholz (1979) has recently provided a very important contribution </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">to the understanding of several species of leaf inhabiting species of</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Again, as with previous workers, his work stressed temperate collections </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and temperate species. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The purpose of the present study is to report the findings of some of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">our tropical collecting, to expand the understanding of five species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which appear to be common in northern South America, to discuss </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the morphological variability observed, and to comment on the host or substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">specificity (or lack of it) within certain taxa. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The materials and methods used during these studies are the same as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">those reported by Dumont (1972). The following is a key to the five species </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">reported herein.</span><br><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">The present paper redescribes and illustrates five common species of </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">Hymenoscyphus, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">H. caudatus, H. serotinus, H. affin. scutulus, H. Iasiopodtum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">& H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">sclerogenus, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from Colombia and adjacent regions in South America. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Emphasis is given to discussions of anatomical and morphological variability </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and host specificity of the species included. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Inoperculate Discomycetes are generally small Ascomycetes producing an </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">apothecium as their sexual fruiting structure. The largest order, the Helotiales, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">contains 5 families: Dermateaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae, Orbiliaceae, Sclerotiniaceae </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and Leotiaceae, In recent years there have been several monographic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and submonographic studies on selected genera within these families, but no </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">definitive studies on the principal family, Leotiaceae (previously referred to </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">as the Helotiaceae), has been prepared. These studies have resulted in a </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">better understanding of some of the family limits, but most of the generic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">limits still remain vague and confused. This is especially true for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">(previously referred to by most workers as H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">elotium), </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">decades has been the depository for small Discomycetes of uncertain affinities. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">White (1942, 1942-a, 1943, 1944) began to work systematically through </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and to bring order out of the existing chaos. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">His carefully prepared descriptions, meticulously drawn illustrations, and long </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">synonymies were the real important contribution to the understanding of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">genus. The most recent attempts to study </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been by </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis, who summarized his works in 1964 (Dennis, 1964). However, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis himself points out, he was unable to come to a sound understanding </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and arrangement of the species because of the extent of the problems, and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the resulting treatment is rather artificial. He relied heavily upon substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and geographical relations, rather than true morphological similarities. We </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">agree with Dennis, that this has resulted in the separation of closely related </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">taxa and an "unnecessary proliferation of names". </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Although Dennis contributions were extraordinary in terms of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">number of described species he examined and in his literature searches, he did </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">not have at his disposal necessary tropical collections for a complete comprehension </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">of the individual species and/or the entire genus. Further, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">pointed out by Dumont (1976), because of limited collections Dennis was </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">unable to understand the full morphological and geographical variation of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">certain species and recognized several taxa, when in the final analysis only </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">one existed. Many of these deficiencies are apparent in his monumental work </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">on "The Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries" (Dennis, 1970). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">for example, he included only seven species (in his 1964 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">treatment he included more than 70 species for the world), and of these </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">three, H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">crocatus , </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">caracassensis and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">atrosubiculatum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been removed </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from the genus by Dumont (1974) and Dumont and Pal (1978). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Arendholz (1979) has recently provided a very important contribution </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">to the understanding of several species of leaf inhabiting species of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Again, as with previous workers, his work stressed temperate collections </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and temperate species. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The purpose of the present study is to report the findings of some of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">our tropical collecting, to expand the understanding of five species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which appear to be common in northern South America, to discuss </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the morphological variability observed, and to comment on the host or substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">specificity (or lack of it) within certain taxa. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The materials and methods used during these studies are the same as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">those reported by Dumont (1972). The following is a key to the five species </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">reported herein.</span></p>http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/34840LeotiaceaeHymenoscyphus CaudatusAscomycetes |
| spellingShingle | Dumont K. P. Carpenter S. E. Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions Caldasia Leotiaceae Hymenoscyphus Caudatus Ascomycetes |
| title | Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions |
| title_full | Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions |
| title_fullStr | Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions |
| title_short | Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions |
| title_sort | los hongos de colombia vii leotiaceae iv hymenoscyphus caudatus and related species from colombia and adjacent regions los hongos de colombia vii leotiaceae iv hymenoscyphus caudatus and related species from colombia and adjacent regions |
| topic | Leotiaceae Hymenoscyphus Caudatus Ascomycetes |
| url | http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/34840 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dumontkp loshongosdecolombiaviileotiaceaeivhymenoscyphuscaudatusandrelatedspeciesfromcolombiaandadjacentregionsloshongosdecolombiaviileotiaceaeivhymenoscyphuscaudatusandrelatedspeciesfromcolombiaandadjacentregions AT carpenterse loshongosdecolombiaviileotiaceaeivhymenoscyphuscaudatusandrelatedspeciesfromcolombiaandadjacentregionsloshongosdecolombiaviileotiaceaeivhymenoscyphuscaudatusandrelatedspeciesfromcolombiaandadjacentregions |