Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus Caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">The present paper redescribes and illustrates five common species of </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">Hymenoscyphus,...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia
1982-12-01
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| Series: | Caldasia |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/34840 |
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| Summary: | <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">The present paper redescribes and illustrates five common species of </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">Hymenoscyphus, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">H. caudatus, H. serotinus, H. affin. scutulus, H. Iasiopodtum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">& H.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">sclerogenus, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from Colombia and adjacent regions in South America. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Emphasis is given to discussions of anatomical and morphological variability </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and host specificity of the species included. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Inoperculate Discomycetes are generally small Ascomycetes producing an </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">apothecium as their sexual fruiting structure. The largest order, the Helotiales, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">contains 5 families: Dermateaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae, Orbiliaceae, Sclerotiniaceae </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and Leotiaceae, In recent years there have been several monographic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and submonographic studies on selected genera within these families, but no </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">definitive studies on the principal family, Leotiaceae (previously referred to </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">as the Helotiaceae), has been prepared. These studies have resulted in a </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">better understanding of some of the family limits, but most of the generic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">limits still remain vague and confused. This is especially true for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">(previously referred to by most workers as H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">elotium), </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">decades has been the depository for small Discomycetes of uncertain affinities. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">White (1942, 1942-a, 1943, 1944) began to work systematically through </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and to bring order out of the existing chaos. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">His carefully prepared descriptions, meticulously drawn illustrations, and long </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">synonymies were the real important contribution to the understanding of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">genus. The most recent attempts to study</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been by </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis, who summarized his works in 1964 (Dennis, 1964). However, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis himself points out, he was unable to come to a sound understanding </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and arrangement of the species because of the extent of the problems, and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the resulting treatment is rather artificial. He relied heavily upon substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and geographical relations, rather than true morphological similarities. We </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">agree with Dennis, that this has resulted in the separation of closely related </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">taxa and an "unnecessary proliferation of names". </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Although Dennis contributions were extraordinary in terms of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">number of described species he examined and in his literature searches, he did </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">not have at his disposal necessary tropical collections for a complete comprehension </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">of the individual species and/or the entire genus. Further, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">pointed out by Dumont (1976), because of limited collections Dennis was </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">unable to understand the full morphological and geographical variation of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">certain species and recognized several taxa, when in the final analysis only </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">one existed. Many of these deficiencies are apparent in his monumental work </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">on "The Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries" (Dennis, 1970). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">for example, he included only seven species (in his 1964 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">treatment he included more than 70 species for the world), and of these </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">three, H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">crocatus , </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">caracassensis and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">atrosubiculatum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been removed </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from the genus by Dumont (1974) and Dumont and Pal (1978). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Arendholz (1979) has recently provided a very important contribution </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">to the understanding of several species of leaf inhabiting species of</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Again, as with previous workers, his work stressed temperate collections </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and temperate species. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The purpose of the present study is to report the findings of some of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">our tropical collecting, to expand the understanding of five species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which appear to be common in northern South America, to discuss </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the morphological variability observed, and to comment on the host or substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">specificity (or lack of it) within certain taxa. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The materials and methods used during these studies are the same as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">those reported by Dumont (1972). The following is a key to the five species </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">reported herein.</span><br><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">The present paper redescribes and illustrates five common species of </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">Hymenoscyphus, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" lang="EN-US">H. caudatus, H. serotinus, H. affin. scutulus, H. Iasiopodtum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">& H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">sclerogenus, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from Colombia and adjacent regions in South America. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Emphasis is given to discussions of anatomical and morphological variability </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and host specificity of the species included. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Inoperculate Discomycetes are generally small Ascomycetes producing an </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">apothecium as their sexual fruiting structure. The largest order, the Helotiales, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">contains 5 families: Dermateaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae, Orbiliaceae, Sclerotiniaceae </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and Leotiaceae, In recent years there have been several monographic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and submonographic studies on selected genera within these families, but no </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">definitive studies on the principal family, Leotiaceae (previously referred to </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">as the Helotiaceae), has been prepared. These studies have resulted in a </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">better understanding of some of the family limits, but most of the generic </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">limits still remain vague and confused. This is especially true for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">(previously referred to by most workers as H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">elotium), </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which for </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">decades has been the depository for small Discomycetes of uncertain affinities. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">White (1942, 1942-a, 1943, 1944) began to work systematically through </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and to bring order out of the existing chaos. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">His carefully prepared descriptions, meticulously drawn illustrations, and long </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">synonymies were the real important contribution to the understanding of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">genus. The most recent attempts to study </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been by </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis, who summarized his works in 1964 (Dennis, 1964). However, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dennis himself points out, he was unable to come to a sound understanding </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and arrangement of the species because of the extent of the problems, and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the resulting treatment is rather artificial. He relied heavily upon substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and geographical relations, rather than true morphological similarities. We </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">agree with Dennis, that this has resulted in the separation of closely related </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">taxa and an "unnecessary proliferation of names". </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Although Dennis contributions were extraordinary in terms of the </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">number of described species he examined and in his literature searches, he did </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">not have at his disposal necessary tropical collections for a complete comprehension </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">of the individual species and/or the entire genus. Further, as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">pointed out by Dumont (1976), because of limited collections Dennis was </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">unable to understand the full morphological and geographical variation of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">certain species and recognized several taxa, when in the final analysis only </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">one existed. Many of these deficiencies are apparent in his monumental work </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">on "The Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries" (Dennis, 1970). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">for example, he included only seven species (in his 1964 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">treatment he included more than 70 species for the world), and of these </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">three, H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">crocatus , </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">caracassensis and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">H. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">atrosubiculatum </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">have been removed </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">from the genus by Dumont (1974) and Dumont and Pal (1978). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Arendholz (1979) has recently provided a very important contribution </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">to the understanding of several species of leaf inhabiting species of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hymenoscyphus. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Again, as with previous workers, his work stressed temperate collections </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and temperate species. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The purpose of the present study is to report the findings of some of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">our tropical collecting, to expand the understanding of five species of H</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ymenoscyphus </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which appear to be common in northern South America, to discuss </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the morphological variability observed, and to comment on the host or substrate </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">specificity (or lack of it) within certain taxa. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The materials and methods used during these studies are the same as </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">those reported by Dumont (1972). The following is a key to the five species </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">reported herein.</span></p> |
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| ISSN: | 0366-5232 |