Genome and phylogenetic analyses of Trypanosoma evansi reveal extensive similarity to T. brucei and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty.
Two key biological features distinguish Trypanosoma evansi from the T. brucei group: independence from the tsetse fly as obligatory vector, and independence from the need for functional mitochondrial DNA (kinetoplast or kDNA). In an effort to better understand the molecular causes and consequences o...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003404 |
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| author | Jason Carnes Atashi Anupama Oliver Balmer Andrew Jackson Michael Lewis Rob Brown Igor Cestari Marc Desquesnes Claire Gendrin Christiane Hertz-Fowler Hideo Imamura Alasdair Ivens Luděk Kořený De-Hua Lai Annette MacLeod Suzanne M McDermott Chris Merritt Severine Monnerat Wonjong Moon Peter Myler Isabelle Phan Gowthaman Ramasamy Dhileep Sivam Zhao-Rong Lun Julius Lukeš Ken Stuart Achim Schnaufer |
| author_facet | Jason Carnes Atashi Anupama Oliver Balmer Andrew Jackson Michael Lewis Rob Brown Igor Cestari Marc Desquesnes Claire Gendrin Christiane Hertz-Fowler Hideo Imamura Alasdair Ivens Luděk Kořený De-Hua Lai Annette MacLeod Suzanne M McDermott Chris Merritt Severine Monnerat Wonjong Moon Peter Myler Isabelle Phan Gowthaman Ramasamy Dhileep Sivam Zhao-Rong Lun Julius Lukeš Ken Stuart Achim Schnaufer |
| author_sort | Jason Carnes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two key biological features distinguish Trypanosoma evansi from the T. brucei group: independence from the tsetse fly as obligatory vector, and independence from the need for functional mitochondrial DNA (kinetoplast or kDNA). In an effort to better understand the molecular causes and consequences of these differences, we sequenced the genome of an akinetoplastic T. evansi strain from China and compared it to the T. b. brucei reference strain. The annotated T. evansi genome shows extensive similarity to the reference, with 94.9% of the predicted T. b. brucei coding sequences (CDS) having an ortholog in T. evansi, and 94.6% of the non-repetitive orthologs having a nucleotide identity of 95% or greater. Interestingly, several procyclin-associated genes (PAGs) were disrupted or not found in this T. evansi strain, suggesting a selective loss of function in the absence of the insect life-cycle stage. Surprisingly, orthologous sequences were found in T. evansi for all 978 nuclear CDS predicted to represent the mitochondrial proteome in T. brucei, although a small number of these may have lost functionality. Consistent with previous results, the F1FO-ATP synthase γ subunit was found to have an A281 deletion, which is involved in generation of a mitochondrial membrane potential in the absence of kDNA. Candidates for CDS that are absent from the reference genome were identified in supplementary de novo assemblies of T. evansi reads. Phylogenetic analyses show that the sequenced strain belongs to a dominant group of clonal T. evansi strains with worldwide distribution that also includes isolates classified as T. equiperdum. At least three other types of T. evansi or T. equiperdum have emerged independently. Overall, the elucidation of the T. evansi genome sequence reveals extensive similarity of T. brucei and supports the contention that T. evansi should be classified as a subspecies of T. brucei. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d09946f575ea4622a4e33eb7a7d8ce64 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-d09946f575ea4622a4e33eb7a7d8ce642025-08-20T03:46:23ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352015-01-0191e340410.1371/journal.pntd.0003404Genome and phylogenetic analyses of Trypanosoma evansi reveal extensive similarity to T. brucei and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty.Jason CarnesAtashi AnupamaOliver BalmerAndrew JacksonMichael LewisRob BrownIgor CestariMarc DesquesnesClaire GendrinChristiane Hertz-FowlerHideo ImamuraAlasdair IvensLuděk KořenýDe-Hua LaiAnnette MacLeodSuzanne M McDermottChris MerrittSeverine MonneratWonjong MoonPeter MylerIsabelle PhanGowthaman RamasamyDhileep SivamZhao-Rong LunJulius LukešKen StuartAchim SchnauferTwo key biological features distinguish Trypanosoma evansi from the T. brucei group: independence from the tsetse fly as obligatory vector, and independence from the need for functional mitochondrial DNA (kinetoplast or kDNA). In an effort to better understand the molecular causes and consequences of these differences, we sequenced the genome of an akinetoplastic T. evansi strain from China and compared it to the T. b. brucei reference strain. The annotated T. evansi genome shows extensive similarity to the reference, with 94.9% of the predicted T. b. brucei coding sequences (CDS) having an ortholog in T. evansi, and 94.6% of the non-repetitive orthologs having a nucleotide identity of 95% or greater. Interestingly, several procyclin-associated genes (PAGs) were disrupted or not found in this T. evansi strain, suggesting a selective loss of function in the absence of the insect life-cycle stage. Surprisingly, orthologous sequences were found in T. evansi for all 978 nuclear CDS predicted to represent the mitochondrial proteome in T. brucei, although a small number of these may have lost functionality. Consistent with previous results, the F1FO-ATP synthase γ subunit was found to have an A281 deletion, which is involved in generation of a mitochondrial membrane potential in the absence of kDNA. Candidates for CDS that are absent from the reference genome were identified in supplementary de novo assemblies of T. evansi reads. Phylogenetic analyses show that the sequenced strain belongs to a dominant group of clonal T. evansi strains with worldwide distribution that also includes isolates classified as T. equiperdum. At least three other types of T. evansi or T. equiperdum have emerged independently. Overall, the elucidation of the T. evansi genome sequence reveals extensive similarity of T. brucei and supports the contention that T. evansi should be classified as a subspecies of T. brucei.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003404 |
| spellingShingle | Jason Carnes Atashi Anupama Oliver Balmer Andrew Jackson Michael Lewis Rob Brown Igor Cestari Marc Desquesnes Claire Gendrin Christiane Hertz-Fowler Hideo Imamura Alasdair Ivens Luděk Kořený De-Hua Lai Annette MacLeod Suzanne M McDermott Chris Merritt Severine Monnerat Wonjong Moon Peter Myler Isabelle Phan Gowthaman Ramasamy Dhileep Sivam Zhao-Rong Lun Julius Lukeš Ken Stuart Achim Schnaufer Genome and phylogenetic analyses of Trypanosoma evansi reveal extensive similarity to T. brucei and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Genome and phylogenetic analyses of Trypanosoma evansi reveal extensive similarity to T. brucei and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty. |
| title_full | Genome and phylogenetic analyses of Trypanosoma evansi reveal extensive similarity to T. brucei and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty. |
| title_fullStr | Genome and phylogenetic analyses of Trypanosoma evansi reveal extensive similarity to T. brucei and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome and phylogenetic analyses of Trypanosoma evansi reveal extensive similarity to T. brucei and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty. |
| title_short | Genome and phylogenetic analyses of Trypanosoma evansi reveal extensive similarity to T. brucei and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty. |
| title_sort | genome and phylogenetic analyses of trypanosoma evansi reveal extensive similarity to t brucei and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003404 |
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