Glucose responsive microneedle patch using a reversible and an irreversible crosslinking agents
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production. Glucose-responsive hydrogels incorporating boric acid (BA) have shown promise for smart insulin delivery through reversible glucose binding. In this study, we de...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025022066 |
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| Summary: | Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production. Glucose-responsive hydrogels incorporating boric acid (BA) have shown promise for smart insulin delivery through reversible glucose binding. In this study, we developed a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogel crosslinked with 5 % w/v BA, stabilized with citric acid (CA), and enhanced with chitosan (CS) to improve glucose sensitivity at physiological pH. The optimized hydrogel demonstrated a glucose responsiveness increase from 176.56 % (without CS) to 226.11 % with 10 % w/v CS. This hydrogel was fabricated into a microneedle patch (MNP) for non-invasive insulin delivery. Under hyperglycemic conditions (400 mg/dL glucose), the MNP system achieved a 2.75-fold increase in insulin release compared to glucose-free conditions. Ex vivo insertion tests confirmed effective skin penetration with an average depth of 465 ± 25 µm. These findings highlight the potential of this dual-crosslinked, chitosan-enhanced MNP for smart, glucose-regulated, and patient-friendly insulin delivery in diabetes management. |
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| ISSN: | 2590-1230 |