The long-term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy: evidence from a health check-up cohort study
Abstract Objective Cardiometabolic risk factors significantly contribute to disease burden. This study explored the effects of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidemia (HLP) on mortality. It stratified findings by age group and comorbidity severity using the Charlson Comorbidit...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04469-2 |
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| author | Ping-Chen Chung Tsuey-Hwa Hu Chih-Hua Chiao Jing-Shiang Hwang Ta-Chien Chan |
| author_facet | Ping-Chen Chung Tsuey-Hwa Hu Chih-Hua Chiao Jing-Shiang Hwang Ta-Chien Chan |
| author_sort | Ping-Chen Chung |
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| description | Abstract Objective Cardiometabolic risk factors significantly contribute to disease burden. This study explored the effects of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidemia (HLP) on mortality. It stratified findings by age group and comorbidity severity using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score. Additionally, it assessed the compounded effects of comorbid conditions to estimate life expectancy (LE) and years of life lost (YLL) in individuals with various cardiometabolic risk factor combinations. Methods Using data from the MJ Health Check-up Database (2002–2017), linked with the National Health Insurance Research Database (2000–2017) and the Death Registry (2002–2019), this study employed Cox proportional hazards models to determine mortality risk associated with various cardiometabolic risk factors. Adjusted Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to evaluate survival rates across different risk factors and CCI scores. Survival rates were extrapolated to estimate confounder-adjusted LE and YLL for age-comorbidity combinations. Results Among the three age groups (20–39, 40–59, 60–79), HLP was the most common single risk factor, followed by HTN. In participants with dual risk factors, HTN and HLP were the most frequent pair, with diabetes and HLP second. An increased number of cardiometabolic risk factors elevated mortality risk, particularly in the 20–39 age group. LE, adjusted for confounders, declined with age, higher CCI scores, and more risk factors. YLL decreased with age but increased with higher CCI scores and more risk factors. Conclusions Promoting health awareness, early disease detection, and timely medical access can reduce cardiometabolic risk factors and associated comorbidities, thereby alleviating disease burden. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d03e7de2f0c4467f9e4f0142fbff4028 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-d03e7de2f0c4467f9e4f0142fbff40282025-01-19T12:09:26ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612025-01-0125111510.1186/s12872-025-04469-2The long-term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy: evidence from a health check-up cohort studyPing-Chen Chung0Tsuey-Hwa Hu1Chih-Hua Chiao2Jing-Shiang Hwang3Ta-Chien Chan4Department of Dentistry, Puzi Hospital, Ministry of Health and WelfareInstitute of Statistical Science, Academia SinicaDepartment of Financial Engineering and Actuarial Mathematics, Soochow UniversityInstitute of Statistical Science, Academia SinicaResearch Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia SinicaAbstract Objective Cardiometabolic risk factors significantly contribute to disease burden. This study explored the effects of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidemia (HLP) on mortality. It stratified findings by age group and comorbidity severity using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score. Additionally, it assessed the compounded effects of comorbid conditions to estimate life expectancy (LE) and years of life lost (YLL) in individuals with various cardiometabolic risk factor combinations. Methods Using data from the MJ Health Check-up Database (2002–2017), linked with the National Health Insurance Research Database (2000–2017) and the Death Registry (2002–2019), this study employed Cox proportional hazards models to determine mortality risk associated with various cardiometabolic risk factors. Adjusted Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to evaluate survival rates across different risk factors and CCI scores. Survival rates were extrapolated to estimate confounder-adjusted LE and YLL for age-comorbidity combinations. Results Among the three age groups (20–39, 40–59, 60–79), HLP was the most common single risk factor, followed by HTN. In participants with dual risk factors, HTN and HLP were the most frequent pair, with diabetes and HLP second. An increased number of cardiometabolic risk factors elevated mortality risk, particularly in the 20–39 age group. LE, adjusted for confounders, declined with age, higher CCI scores, and more risk factors. YLL decreased with age but increased with higher CCI scores and more risk factors. Conclusions Promoting health awareness, early disease detection, and timely medical access can reduce cardiometabolic risk factors and associated comorbidities, thereby alleviating disease burden.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04469-2Cardiometabolic risk factorsCharlson Comorbidity IndexInverse Probability of Treatment WeightingDisease burdenMortalityLife expectancy |
| spellingShingle | Ping-Chen Chung Tsuey-Hwa Hu Chih-Hua Chiao Jing-Shiang Hwang Ta-Chien Chan The long-term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy: evidence from a health check-up cohort study BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Cardiometabolic risk factors Charlson Comorbidity Index Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Disease burden Mortality Life expectancy |
| title | The long-term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy: evidence from a health check-up cohort study |
| title_full | The long-term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy: evidence from a health check-up cohort study |
| title_fullStr | The long-term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy: evidence from a health check-up cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The long-term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy: evidence from a health check-up cohort study |
| title_short | The long-term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy: evidence from a health check-up cohort study |
| title_sort | long term effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on mortality and life expectancy evidence from a health check up cohort study |
| topic | Cardiometabolic risk factors Charlson Comorbidity Index Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Disease burden Mortality Life expectancy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04469-2 |
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