Perinatal risk factors and disordered eating in children and adolescents

Abstract Objective Studies have reported associations between perinatal factors (obstetric and neonatal factors) and later eating disorder risk. However, previous findings have been partly conflicting. Here, we analyzed associations between perinatal factors and disordered eating in a large cohort o...

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Main Authors: Monica Ålgars, Laura Räisänen, Sohvi Lommi, Saila Koivusalo, Heli Viljakainen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-05-01
Series:Eating and Weight Disorders
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01751-2
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author Monica Ålgars
Laura Räisänen
Sohvi Lommi
Saila Koivusalo
Heli Viljakainen
author_facet Monica Ålgars
Laura Räisänen
Sohvi Lommi
Saila Koivusalo
Heli Viljakainen
author_sort Monica Ålgars
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective Studies have reported associations between perinatal factors (obstetric and neonatal factors) and later eating disorder risk. However, previous findings have been partly conflicting. Here, we analyzed associations between perinatal factors and disordered eating in a large cohort of Finnish children and adolescents. Method The participants were 8- to 14-year-old children and adolescents (N = 11,357) from The Finnish Health in Teens study. Disordered eating was assessed using the Children’s Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT). Perinatal data were obtained from the Finnish Birth Registry. Perinatal variables were initially analyzed using Chi-square analyses and linear regressions. Variables associated with disordered eating (p < .10) were entered into a multinomial logistic regression model. The regression analysis was conducted both including and excluding maternal BMI, as this information was missing for > 80% of the participants. Results Of the participants, 56.6% reported disordered eating (ChEAT score ≥ 11) or partial disordered eating (1–10) symptoms. Including maternal BMI in the analyses (n = 1921), higher levels of disordered eating were independently associated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.07, 95% CI [1.02, 1.12]), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 2.64, 95% CI [1.49, 4.68]), urgent or emergency cesarean birth (OR 2.16, 95% CI [1.10, 4.05]). Assisted reproduction was associated with lower levels of disordered eating (OR 0.39, 95% CI [0.20, 0.76]). Discussion The results suggest that pregnancy and childbirth are vulnerable developmental periods, associated with later eating pathology. Further studies disentangling genetic and environmental mechanisms of associations between perinatal factors and later eating pathology are needed. Level of evidence Level III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
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spelling doaj-art-d00cc299afcd4df4bb8ea54a47431ce42025-08-20T03:52:24ZengSpringerEating and Weight Disorders1590-12622025-05-013011610.1007/s40519-025-01751-2Perinatal risk factors and disordered eating in children and adolescentsMonica Ålgars0Laura Räisänen1Sohvi Lommi2Saila Koivusalo3Heli Viljakainen4Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityFolkhälsan Research CenterDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HUS Helsinki University HospitalFolkhälsan Research CenterAbstract Objective Studies have reported associations between perinatal factors (obstetric and neonatal factors) and later eating disorder risk. However, previous findings have been partly conflicting. Here, we analyzed associations between perinatal factors and disordered eating in a large cohort of Finnish children and adolescents. Method The participants were 8- to 14-year-old children and adolescents (N = 11,357) from The Finnish Health in Teens study. Disordered eating was assessed using the Children’s Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT). Perinatal data were obtained from the Finnish Birth Registry. Perinatal variables were initially analyzed using Chi-square analyses and linear regressions. Variables associated with disordered eating (p < .10) were entered into a multinomial logistic regression model. The regression analysis was conducted both including and excluding maternal BMI, as this information was missing for > 80% of the participants. Results Of the participants, 56.6% reported disordered eating (ChEAT score ≥ 11) or partial disordered eating (1–10) symptoms. Including maternal BMI in the analyses (n = 1921), higher levels of disordered eating were independently associated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.07, 95% CI [1.02, 1.12]), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 2.64, 95% CI [1.49, 4.68]), urgent or emergency cesarean birth (OR 2.16, 95% CI [1.10, 4.05]). Assisted reproduction was associated with lower levels of disordered eating (OR 0.39, 95% CI [0.20, 0.76]). Discussion The results suggest that pregnancy and childbirth are vulnerable developmental periods, associated with later eating pathology. Further studies disentangling genetic and environmental mechanisms of associations between perinatal factors and later eating pathology are needed. Level of evidence Level III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01751-2Disordered eatingEating disordersPerinatal factorsPregnancyChildbirth
spellingShingle Monica Ålgars
Laura Räisänen
Sohvi Lommi
Saila Koivusalo
Heli Viljakainen
Perinatal risk factors and disordered eating in children and adolescents
Eating and Weight Disorders
Disordered eating
Eating disorders
Perinatal factors
Pregnancy
Childbirth
title Perinatal risk factors and disordered eating in children and adolescents
title_full Perinatal risk factors and disordered eating in children and adolescents
title_fullStr Perinatal risk factors and disordered eating in children and adolescents
title_full_unstemmed Perinatal risk factors and disordered eating in children and adolescents
title_short Perinatal risk factors and disordered eating in children and adolescents
title_sort perinatal risk factors and disordered eating in children and adolescents
topic Disordered eating
Eating disorders
Perinatal factors
Pregnancy
Childbirth
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01751-2
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AT sohvilommi perinatalriskfactorsanddisorderedeatinginchildrenandadolescents
AT sailakoivusalo perinatalriskfactorsanddisorderedeatinginchildrenandadolescents
AT heliviljakainen perinatalriskfactorsanddisorderedeatinginchildrenandadolescents