Association between urinary metallothionein concentration and causes of death among cadmium-exposed residents in Japan: a 35-year follow-up study
Background: As research progresses, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that urinary metallothionein (MT) levels may be elevated in individuals exposed to cadmium (Cd). This study aimed to investigate the potential association between urinary MT levels and causes of mortality among reside...
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Komiyama Printing Co. Ltd
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ehpm/30/0/30_24-00176/_html/-char/en |
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| author | Lianen Li Rie Okamoto Xian Liang Sun Teruhiko Kido Kazuhiro Nogawa Yasushi Suwazono Hideaki Nakagawa Masaru Sakurai |
| author_facet | Lianen Li Rie Okamoto Xian Liang Sun Teruhiko Kido Kazuhiro Nogawa Yasushi Suwazono Hideaki Nakagawa Masaru Sakurai |
| author_sort | Lianen Li |
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| description | Background: As research progresses, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that urinary metallothionein (MT) levels may be elevated in individuals exposed to cadmium (Cd). This study aimed to investigate the potential association between urinary MT levels and causes of mortality among residents of the Kakehashi River Basin who have been exposed to Cd. Method: The study involved a total of 1,398 men and 1,731 women were conducted between 1981 and 1982, with follow-up until November 2016. The study employed the Cox proportional-hazards model to examine the association between higher urinary MT concentrations and the risk of all-cause or cause-specific mortality within the population. Furthermore, the Fine and Gray competing risks regression model was used to evaluate the links between specific causes of death. Results: The findings revealed that elevated urinary MT concentrations were linked to increased all-cause mortality and higher mortality rates from renal and urinary tract diseases across all participants. Specifically, in men, higher urinary MT levels were associated with elevated all-cause mortality, while in women, increased concentrations were linked to higher mortality from endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Even after adjusting for competing risks, higher urinary MT concentrations were associated with tumor-related mortality in men and continued to be associated with cardiovascular disease mortality in women. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results suggest that women may face a greater risk of adverse health effects due to prolonged exposure to Cd. Urinary MT levels could potentially serve as a biomarker for mortality from these diseases in populations chronically exposed to Cd. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cffef974179347078662653effa2a15e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1342-078X 1347-4715 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Komiyama Printing Co. Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-cffef974179347078662653effa2a15e2025-01-30T00:05:39ZengKomiyama Printing Co. LtdEnvironmental Health and Preventive Medicine1342-078X1347-47152025-01-01301110.1265/ehpm.24-00176ehpmAssociation between urinary metallothionein concentration and causes of death among cadmium-exposed residents in Japan: a 35-year follow-up studyLianen Li0Rie Okamoto1Xian Liang Sun2Teruhiko Kido3Kazuhiro Nogawa4Yasushi Suwazono5Hideaki Nakagawa6Masaru Sakurai7School of Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou UniversityFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa UniversitySchool of Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou UniversityFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa UniversityDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityDepartment of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical UniversityDepartment of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical UniversityBackground: As research progresses, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that urinary metallothionein (MT) levels may be elevated in individuals exposed to cadmium (Cd). This study aimed to investigate the potential association between urinary MT levels and causes of mortality among residents of the Kakehashi River Basin who have been exposed to Cd. Method: The study involved a total of 1,398 men and 1,731 women were conducted between 1981 and 1982, with follow-up until November 2016. The study employed the Cox proportional-hazards model to examine the association between higher urinary MT concentrations and the risk of all-cause or cause-specific mortality within the population. Furthermore, the Fine and Gray competing risks regression model was used to evaluate the links between specific causes of death. Results: The findings revealed that elevated urinary MT concentrations were linked to increased all-cause mortality and higher mortality rates from renal and urinary tract diseases across all participants. Specifically, in men, higher urinary MT levels were associated with elevated all-cause mortality, while in women, increased concentrations were linked to higher mortality from endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Even after adjusting for competing risks, higher urinary MT concentrations were associated with tumor-related mortality in men and continued to be associated with cardiovascular disease mortality in women. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results suggest that women may face a greater risk of adverse health effects due to prolonged exposure to Cd. Urinary MT levels could potentially serve as a biomarker for mortality from these diseases in populations chronically exposed to Cd.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ehpm/30/0/30_24-00176/_html/-char/enurinary metallothioneincadmiumcardiovascular diseasetumorcauses of deathmortality |
| spellingShingle | Lianen Li Rie Okamoto Xian Liang Sun Teruhiko Kido Kazuhiro Nogawa Yasushi Suwazono Hideaki Nakagawa Masaru Sakurai Association between urinary metallothionein concentration and causes of death among cadmium-exposed residents in Japan: a 35-year follow-up study Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine urinary metallothionein cadmium cardiovascular disease tumor causes of death mortality |
| title | Association between urinary metallothionein concentration and causes of death among cadmium-exposed residents in Japan: a 35-year follow-up study |
| title_full | Association between urinary metallothionein concentration and causes of death among cadmium-exposed residents in Japan: a 35-year follow-up study |
| title_fullStr | Association between urinary metallothionein concentration and causes of death among cadmium-exposed residents in Japan: a 35-year follow-up study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between urinary metallothionein concentration and causes of death among cadmium-exposed residents in Japan: a 35-year follow-up study |
| title_short | Association between urinary metallothionein concentration and causes of death among cadmium-exposed residents in Japan: a 35-year follow-up study |
| title_sort | association between urinary metallothionein concentration and causes of death among cadmium exposed residents in japan a 35 year follow up study |
| topic | urinary metallothionein cadmium cardiovascular disease tumor causes of death mortality |
| url | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ehpm/30/0/30_24-00176/_html/-char/en |
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