Modification of associations between ambient PM2.5 and vital signs by β-blocker prescription status among individuals with heart failure
Abstract Background Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity, especially among individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure (HF). Medical management with β-blockers may modify the association between PM2.5 and heart rate (HR) as β-...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Environmental Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-025-01203-5 |
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