Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol
Antioxidants possess significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. One such disorder is periodontitis characterised by an antimicrobial immune response, inflammation, and irreversible changes to the supporting structures of the teeth. Recognition of conserved pathoge...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/938712 |
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| author | Jezrom B. Fordham Afsar Raza Naqvi Salvador Nares |
| author_facet | Jezrom B. Fordham Afsar Raza Naqvi Salvador Nares |
| author_sort | Jezrom B. Fordham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antioxidants possess significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. One such disorder is periodontitis characterised by an antimicrobial immune response, inflammation, and irreversible changes to the supporting structures of the teeth. Recognition of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns is a crucial component of innate immunity to Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, as well as the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In this study, we investigated the antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol to ascertain whether they altered the production of inflammatory mediators by innately-activated leukocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide purified from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and the production of cytokines, chemokines, and differentiation factors was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cytometric bead array, and RT-PCR. Significant inhibition of these factors was achieved upon treatment with Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol. These data further characterise the potent anti-inflammatory properties of antioxidants. Their ability to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and differentiation factors by a heterogeneous population of leukocytes has clear implications for their therapeutic potential in vivo. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cfcc6b0354df45f0bd635a120bb65656 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-cfcc6b0354df45f0bd635a120bb656562025-02-03T01:00:50ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612014-01-01201410.1155/2014/938712938712Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and ResveratrolJezrom B. Fordham0Afsar Raza Naqvi1Salvador Nares2Department of Periodontics (MC 859), College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, 458 DENT, Chicago, IL 60612-7212, USADepartment of Periodontics (MC 859), College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, 458 DENT, Chicago, IL 60612-7212, USADepartment of Periodontics (MC 859), College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, 458 DENT, Chicago, IL 60612-7212, USAAntioxidants possess significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. One such disorder is periodontitis characterised by an antimicrobial immune response, inflammation, and irreversible changes to the supporting structures of the teeth. Recognition of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns is a crucial component of innate immunity to Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, as well as the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In this study, we investigated the antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol to ascertain whether they altered the production of inflammatory mediators by innately-activated leukocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide purified from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and the production of cytokines, chemokines, and differentiation factors was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cytometric bead array, and RT-PCR. Significant inhibition of these factors was achieved upon treatment with Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol. These data further characterise the potent anti-inflammatory properties of antioxidants. Their ability to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and differentiation factors by a heterogeneous population of leukocytes has clear implications for their therapeutic potential in vivo.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/938712 |
| spellingShingle | Jezrom B. Fordham Afsar Raza Naqvi Salvador Nares Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol |
| title_full | Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol |
| title_fullStr | Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol |
| title_short | Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol |
| title_sort | leukocyte production of inflammatory mediators is inhibited by the antioxidants phloretin silymarin hesperetin and resveratrol |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/938712 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jezrombfordham leukocyteproductionofinflammatorymediatorsisinhibitedbytheantioxidantsphloretinsilymarinhesperetinandresveratrol AT afsarrazanaqvi leukocyteproductionofinflammatorymediatorsisinhibitedbytheantioxidantsphloretinsilymarinhesperetinandresveratrol AT salvadornares leukocyteproductionofinflammatorymediatorsisinhibitedbytheantioxidantsphloretinsilymarinhesperetinandresveratrol |