A New Approach Based on Metaheuristic Optimization Using Chaotic Functional Connectivity Matrices and Fractal Dimension Analysis for AI-Driven Detection of Orthodontic Growth and Development Stage

Accurate identification of growth and development stages is critical for orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and post-treatment retention. While hand–wrist radiographs are the traditional gold standard, the associated radiation exposure necessitates alternative imaging methods. Lateral cephal...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Orhan Cicek, Yusuf Bahri Özçelik, Aytaç Altan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Fractal and Fractional
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/3/148
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