Diverse NPMM conditions deviate the 2023/24 El Niño from the 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 extreme El Niño events

Diverse NPMM conditions deviate the 2023/24 El Niño from the 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 extreme El Niño events

Abstract The 2023/24 El Niño commenced with an exceptionally large warm water volume in the equatorial western Pacific, comparable to the extreme 1997/98 and 2015/16 events, but did not develop into a super El Niño. This study highlights the critical role of contrasting Northern Pacific Meridional M...

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Main Authors: Yong-Fu Lin, Mengyan Chen, Lingling Liu, Fei Zheng, Ruiqiang Ding, Xin Wang, Chau-Ron Wu, Min-Hui Lo, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, Jiepeng Chen, Ting-Hui Lee, Jin-Yi Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01013-z
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