Low agreement and frequent invalid controls in two SARS-CoV-2 T-cell assays in people with compromised immune function.

Low agreement and frequent invalid controls in two SARS-CoV-2 T-cell assays in people with compromised immune function.

T-cell response plays an important role in SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity. For people living with HIV (PWH) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients there is limited evidence on the reliability of commercially available T-cell tests. We assessed 173 blood samples from 81 participants (62 samples from...

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Main Authors: Annette Audigé, Alain Amstutz, Macé M Schuurmans, Patrizia Amico, Dominique L Braun, Marcel P Stoeckle, Barbara Hasse, René Hage, Dominik Damm, Michael Tamm, Nicolas J Mueller, Huldrych F Günthard, Michael T Koller, Christof M Schönenberger, Alexandra Griessbach, Niklaus D Labhardt, Roger D Kouyos, Alexandra Trkola, Michael Huber, Katharina Kusejko, Heiner C Bucher, Irene A Abela, Matthias Briel, Frédérique Chammartin, Benjamin Speich, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, and the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317965
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Summary:T-cell response plays an important role in SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity. For people living with HIV (PWH) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients there is limited evidence on the reliability of commercially available T-cell tests. We assessed 173 blood samples from 81 participants (62 samples from 35 PWH; 111 samples from 46 SOT recipients [lung and kidney]) with two commercial SARS-CoV-2 Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRA; SARS-CoV-2 IGRA by Euroimmun, and IGRA SARS-CoV-2 by Roche). The reliability between the tests was judged as low (Cohen's kappa [κ] = 0.20; overall percent agreement [OPA] = 66%). A high proportion of tests were invalid (22% Euroimmun; 8% Roche). When excluding these invalid tests, the agreement was higher (κ  =  0.43; OPA = 90%). The low reliability between the two T-cell tests indicates that results should be interpreted with caution in SOT recipients and PWH and that SARS-CoV-2 T-cell tests need to be optimized and further validated for use in vulnerable patient populations.
ISSN:1932-6203

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