In the Eyes of the Beholder: Towards Depicting the Dog in the Nineteenth Century

In this paper I expand my work in The Dog in the Dickensian Imagination to argue that the empathetic depiction of dogs that established itself in literature and painting in the late eighteenth century, and continued to develop, represented less a new departure in cultural perceptions of the dog than...

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Main Author: Beryl Gray
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Presses Universitaires de la Méditerranée 2018-12-01
Series:Cahiers Victoriens et Edouardiens
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.openedition.org/cve/4052
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author Beryl Gray
author_facet Beryl Gray
author_sort Beryl Gray
collection DOAJ
description In this paper I expand my work in The Dog in the Dickensian Imagination to argue that the empathetic depiction of dogs that established itself in literature and painting in the late eighteenth century, and continued to develop, represented less a new departure in cultural perceptions of the dog than a return to those that had subsisted before the appearance in England in 1576 of the mechanically-printed, mass-produced and many times reissued Geneva Bible, the Bible Shakespeare read. As the Victorian biblical scholar H. B. Tristram pointed out, ‘the dog is mentioned nearly forty times in Scripture, [but] there is scarcely a single instance in which it is not spoken of with more or less of contempt or aversion’. I draw on texts and images to support my belief that in late medieval and early modern England the stance towards the dog was markedly unbiblical, while the authoritatively expressed ‘contempt or aversion’ made familiar through the Geneva Bible significantly influenced society’s attitudes to dogs in Protestant Britain. From the outset, the adverse effect conflicted with an established and persisting association of the dog with fidelity. The idea of fidelity assumes a connection with us. From the abiding and revivified recognition of this connection evolved the inclination to observe dogs closely, both as a species and as individuals. It is on the association between the ways in which the nature of that connection (or the betrayal of it) are presented before and after the advent of the Geneva Bible that this paper focuses.
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spelling doaj-art-cef6d0e0aeda4b9a8a564bc773f6512d2025-01-30T10:22:06ZengPresses Universitaires de la MéditerranéeCahiers Victoriens et Edouardiens0220-56102271-61492018-12-018810.4000/cve.4052In the Eyes of the Beholder: Towards Depicting the Dog in the Nineteenth CenturyBeryl GrayIn this paper I expand my work in The Dog in the Dickensian Imagination to argue that the empathetic depiction of dogs that established itself in literature and painting in the late eighteenth century, and continued to develop, represented less a new departure in cultural perceptions of the dog than a return to those that had subsisted before the appearance in England in 1576 of the mechanically-printed, mass-produced and many times reissued Geneva Bible, the Bible Shakespeare read. As the Victorian biblical scholar H. B. Tristram pointed out, ‘the dog is mentioned nearly forty times in Scripture, [but] there is scarcely a single instance in which it is not spoken of with more or less of contempt or aversion’. I draw on texts and images to support my belief that in late medieval and early modern England the stance towards the dog was markedly unbiblical, while the authoritatively expressed ‘contempt or aversion’ made familiar through the Geneva Bible significantly influenced society’s attitudes to dogs in Protestant Britain. From the outset, the adverse effect conflicted with an established and persisting association of the dog with fidelity. The idea of fidelity assumes a connection with us. From the abiding and revivified recognition of this connection evolved the inclination to observe dogs closely, both as a species and as individuals. It is on the association between the ways in which the nature of that connection (or the betrayal of it) are presented before and after the advent of the Geneva Bible that this paper focuses.https://journals.openedition.org/cve/4052womenbiblicalcollaborativedogeffigyemblem
spellingShingle Beryl Gray
In the Eyes of the Beholder: Towards Depicting the Dog in the Nineteenth Century
Cahiers Victoriens et Edouardiens
women
biblical
collaborative
dog
effigy
emblem
title In the Eyes of the Beholder: Towards Depicting the Dog in the Nineteenth Century
title_full In the Eyes of the Beholder: Towards Depicting the Dog in the Nineteenth Century
title_fullStr In the Eyes of the Beholder: Towards Depicting the Dog in the Nineteenth Century
title_full_unstemmed In the Eyes of the Beholder: Towards Depicting the Dog in the Nineteenth Century
title_short In the Eyes of the Beholder: Towards Depicting the Dog in the Nineteenth Century
title_sort in the eyes of the beholder towards depicting the dog in the nineteenth century
topic women
biblical
collaborative
dog
effigy
emblem
url https://journals.openedition.org/cve/4052
work_keys_str_mv AT berylgray intheeyesofthebeholdertowardsdepictingthedoginthenineteenthcentury