School performance gap between non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden—time trends and contributing factors
We aimed to investigate the school performance gap and its potential trend from 2010 to 2020 in non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden, whether parental mental disorders and low socioeconomic status contribute to this gap and its trends, and whether the effects of these fac...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1521387/full |
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| author | Kenta Okuyama Sara Larsson Lönn Ardavan M. Khoshnood Ardavan M. Khoshnood Shervin Assari Shervin Assari Shervin Assari Shervin Assari Jan Sundquist Jan Sundquist Kristina Sundquist Kristina Sundquist |
| author_facet | Kenta Okuyama Sara Larsson Lönn Ardavan M. Khoshnood Ardavan M. Khoshnood Shervin Assari Shervin Assari Shervin Assari Shervin Assari Jan Sundquist Jan Sundquist Kristina Sundquist Kristina Sundquist |
| author_sort | Kenta Okuyama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We aimed to investigate the school performance gap and its potential trend from 2010 to 2020 in non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden, whether parental mental disorders and low socioeconomic status contribute to this gap and its trends, and whether the effects of these factors differ by immigration status. We used multiple Swedish population registers, including 829,787 children born 1994–2004. We examined the school performance gap and its trends by the interaction between immigration status and year with linear mixed models. We assessed whether parental mental disorders and socioeconomic status contributed to this gap and its trends, and whether their effects on school performance differ by immigration status. The existing gap was explained by parental mental disorders in addition to parental education and neighborhood socioeconomic status for both males and females. The unadjusted model suggested an increasing trend of the existing gap in school performance by immigration status for both males and females. In the adjusted model, the increasing trend of the gap remained among males and was partially attributed to parental education and neighborhood socioeconomic status. The interaction tests showed that the potential effects of these factors on school performance were smaller among second-generation immigrant children. Efforts to reduce the effects of socioeconomic inequalities and parental mental disorders are warranted in addition to extra support for second-generation immigrant children at schools. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cef52bb3870544ed9119833b834bded9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-cef52bb3870544ed9119833b834bded92025-01-24T05:21:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-01-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15213871521387School performance gap between non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden—time trends and contributing factorsKenta Okuyama0Sara Larsson Lönn1Ardavan M. Khoshnood2Ardavan M. Khoshnood3Shervin Assari4Shervin Assari5Shervin Assari6Shervin Assari7Jan Sundquist8Jan Sundquist9Kristina Sundquist10Kristina Sundquist11Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenEmergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Urban Public Health, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesMarginalization Related Diminished Returns Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenUniversity Clinic Primary Care Skåne, Region Skåne, SwedenCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SwedenUniversity Clinic Primary Care Skåne, Region Skåne, SwedenWe aimed to investigate the school performance gap and its potential trend from 2010 to 2020 in non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden, whether parental mental disorders and low socioeconomic status contribute to this gap and its trends, and whether the effects of these factors differ by immigration status. We used multiple Swedish population registers, including 829,787 children born 1994–2004. We examined the school performance gap and its trends by the interaction between immigration status and year with linear mixed models. We assessed whether parental mental disorders and socioeconomic status contributed to this gap and its trends, and whether their effects on school performance differ by immigration status. The existing gap was explained by parental mental disorders in addition to parental education and neighborhood socioeconomic status for both males and females. The unadjusted model suggested an increasing trend of the existing gap in school performance by immigration status for both males and females. In the adjusted model, the increasing trend of the gap remained among males and was partially attributed to parental education and neighborhood socioeconomic status. The interaction tests showed that the potential effects of these factors on school performance were smaller among second-generation immigrant children. Efforts to reduce the effects of socioeconomic inequalities and parental mental disorders are warranted in addition to extra support for second-generation immigrant children at schools.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1521387/fullgapimmigrantparental mental disorderschool performancesocioeconomic status |
| spellingShingle | Kenta Okuyama Sara Larsson Lönn Ardavan M. Khoshnood Ardavan M. Khoshnood Shervin Assari Shervin Assari Shervin Assari Shervin Assari Jan Sundquist Jan Sundquist Kristina Sundquist Kristina Sundquist School performance gap between non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden—time trends and contributing factors Frontiers in Public Health gap immigrant parental mental disorder school performance socioeconomic status |
| title | School performance gap between non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden—time trends and contributing factors |
| title_full | School performance gap between non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden—time trends and contributing factors |
| title_fullStr | School performance gap between non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden—time trends and contributing factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | School performance gap between non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden—time trends and contributing factors |
| title_short | School performance gap between non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden—time trends and contributing factors |
| title_sort | school performance gap between non immigrant and second generation immigrant children in sweden time trends and contributing factors |
| topic | gap immigrant parental mental disorder school performance socioeconomic status |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1521387/full |
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