An Intelligent Fuzzy-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Opportunistic Networks
Opportunistic networks are characterized by intermittent connectivity and dynamic topologies, which pose significant challenges for efficient message delivery, resource management, and routing decision-making. This paper introduces the Fuzzy Control Routing Protocol, a novel approach designed to add...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/52 |
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| author | Ermioni Qafzezi Kevin Bylykbashi Shunya Higashi Phudit Ampririt Keita Matsuo Leonard Barolli |
| author_facet | Ermioni Qafzezi Kevin Bylykbashi Shunya Higashi Phudit Ampririt Keita Matsuo Leonard Barolli |
| author_sort | Ermioni Qafzezi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Opportunistic networks are characterized by intermittent connectivity and dynamic topologies, which pose significant challenges for efficient message delivery, resource management, and routing decision-making. This paper introduces the Fuzzy Control Routing Protocol, a novel approach designed to address these challenges by leveraging fuzzy logic to enhance routing decisions and improve overall network performance. The protocol considers buffer occupancy, angle to destination, and the number of unique connections of the target nodes to make context-aware routing decisions. It was implemented and evaluated using the FuzzyC framework for simulations and the opportunistic network environment simulator for realistic network scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that the Fuzzy Control Routing Protocol achieves competitive delivery probability, efficient resource utilization, and low overhead compared to the Epidemic and MaxProp protocols. Notably, it consistently outperformed the Epidemic protocol across all metrics and exhibited comparable delivery probability to MaxProp while maintaining significantly lower overhead, particularly in low-density scenarios. The results demonstrate the protocol’s ability to adapt to varying network conditions, effectively balance forwarding and resource management, and maintain robust performance in dynamic vehicular environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ce26a045e0314c60a4b9ded2a4582a21 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2078-2489 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Information |
| spelling | doaj-art-ce26a045e0314c60a4b9ded2a4582a212025-01-24T13:35:17ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892025-01-011615210.3390/info16010052An Intelligent Fuzzy-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Opportunistic NetworksErmioni Qafzezi0Kevin Bylykbashi1Shunya Higashi2Phudit Ampririt3Keita Matsuo4Leonard Barolli5Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT), 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, JapanDepartment of Information and Communication Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT), 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT), 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, JapanDepartment of Information and Communication Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT), 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, JapanDepartment of Information and Communication Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT), 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, JapanDepartment of Information and Communication Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT), 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, JapanOpportunistic networks are characterized by intermittent connectivity and dynamic topologies, which pose significant challenges for efficient message delivery, resource management, and routing decision-making. This paper introduces the Fuzzy Control Routing Protocol, a novel approach designed to address these challenges by leveraging fuzzy logic to enhance routing decisions and improve overall network performance. The protocol considers buffer occupancy, angle to destination, and the number of unique connections of the target nodes to make context-aware routing decisions. It was implemented and evaluated using the FuzzyC framework for simulations and the opportunistic network environment simulator for realistic network scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that the Fuzzy Control Routing Protocol achieves competitive delivery probability, efficient resource utilization, and low overhead compared to the Epidemic and MaxProp protocols. Notably, it consistently outperformed the Epidemic protocol across all metrics and exhibited comparable delivery probability to MaxProp while maintaining significantly lower overhead, particularly in low-density scenarios. The results demonstrate the protocol’s ability to adapt to varying network conditions, effectively balance forwarding and resource management, and maintain robust performance in dynamic vehicular environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/52OppNetsfuzzy logicDTNrouting protocolvehicular networksepidemic |
| spellingShingle | Ermioni Qafzezi Kevin Bylykbashi Shunya Higashi Phudit Ampririt Keita Matsuo Leonard Barolli An Intelligent Fuzzy-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Opportunistic Networks Information OppNets fuzzy logic DTN routing protocol vehicular networks epidemic |
| title | An Intelligent Fuzzy-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Opportunistic Networks |
| title_full | An Intelligent Fuzzy-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Opportunistic Networks |
| title_fullStr | An Intelligent Fuzzy-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Opportunistic Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Intelligent Fuzzy-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Opportunistic Networks |
| title_short | An Intelligent Fuzzy-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Opportunistic Networks |
| title_sort | intelligent fuzzy based routing protocol for vehicular opportunistic networks |
| topic | OppNets fuzzy logic DTN routing protocol vehicular networks epidemic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/52 |
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