Emerging ferromagnetic materials for electrical spin injection: towards semiconductor spintronics
Abstract Spintronics is a promising field beyond complementary metal-oxide semiconductors technology. It presents a unique approach to diminishing the energy consumption of memory and logic devices by utilizing spin. The proposed influential memory and logic device is the spin transistor. However, l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
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| Series: | npj Spintronics |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s44306-024-00070-z |
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| author | Yufang Xie Su-Yun Zhang Yin Yin Naihang Zheng Anwar Ali Muhammad Younis Shuangchen Ruan Yu-Jia Zeng |
| author_facet | Yufang Xie Su-Yun Zhang Yin Yin Naihang Zheng Anwar Ali Muhammad Younis Shuangchen Ruan Yu-Jia Zeng |
| author_sort | Yufang Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Spintronics is a promising field beyond complementary metal-oxide semiconductors technology. It presents a unique approach to diminishing the energy consumption of memory and logic devices by utilizing spin. The proposed influential memory and logic device is the spin transistor. However, limited spin injection efficiency from the metallic ferromagnetic electrode into the semiconductor layer has been a major obstacle for the advances of spin transistors. Three key properties are critical for magnetic materials in future spintronic devices to improve the spin injection efficiency, namely high spin polarization, robust room-temperature ferromagnetism, and comparable resistance with the semiconductor. Considering these factors, we will explore four major categories of ferromagnetic materials: Heusler alloys, dilute magnetic semiconductors, Si- or Ge-based intermetallic compounds, and two-dimensional ferromagnets. We present a comprehensive overview of the significant milestones for each type of material in terms of their property improvements, functionality achievements, and fundamental applications for spintronics. Finally, we will briefly address the challenges which need to be tackled for practical application in memory and logic devices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cdcfbd878f824f9e9393cadb7b9f98d6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2948-2119 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Spintronics |
| spelling | doaj-art-cdcfbd878f824f9e9393cadb7b9f98d62025-08-20T02:49:29ZengNature Portfolionpj Spintronics2948-21192025-03-013111610.1038/s44306-024-00070-zEmerging ferromagnetic materials for electrical spin injection: towards semiconductor spintronicsYufang Xie0Su-Yun Zhang1Yin Yin2Naihang Zheng3Anwar Ali4Muhammad Younis5Shuangchen Ruan6Yu-Jia Zeng7Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen UniversityKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen UniversitySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen UniversityKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen UniversityKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen UniversityKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen UniversityKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen UniversityAbstract Spintronics is a promising field beyond complementary metal-oxide semiconductors technology. It presents a unique approach to diminishing the energy consumption of memory and logic devices by utilizing spin. The proposed influential memory and logic device is the spin transistor. However, limited spin injection efficiency from the metallic ferromagnetic electrode into the semiconductor layer has been a major obstacle for the advances of spin transistors. Three key properties are critical for magnetic materials in future spintronic devices to improve the spin injection efficiency, namely high spin polarization, robust room-temperature ferromagnetism, and comparable resistance with the semiconductor. Considering these factors, we will explore four major categories of ferromagnetic materials: Heusler alloys, dilute magnetic semiconductors, Si- or Ge-based intermetallic compounds, and two-dimensional ferromagnets. We present a comprehensive overview of the significant milestones for each type of material in terms of their property improvements, functionality achievements, and fundamental applications for spintronics. Finally, we will briefly address the challenges which need to be tackled for practical application in memory and logic devices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44306-024-00070-z |
| spellingShingle | Yufang Xie Su-Yun Zhang Yin Yin Naihang Zheng Anwar Ali Muhammad Younis Shuangchen Ruan Yu-Jia Zeng Emerging ferromagnetic materials for electrical spin injection: towards semiconductor spintronics npj Spintronics |
| title | Emerging ferromagnetic materials for electrical spin injection: towards semiconductor spintronics |
| title_full | Emerging ferromagnetic materials for electrical spin injection: towards semiconductor spintronics |
| title_fullStr | Emerging ferromagnetic materials for electrical spin injection: towards semiconductor spintronics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging ferromagnetic materials for electrical spin injection: towards semiconductor spintronics |
| title_short | Emerging ferromagnetic materials for electrical spin injection: towards semiconductor spintronics |
| title_sort | emerging ferromagnetic materials for electrical spin injection towards semiconductor spintronics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s44306-024-00070-z |
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