Predictive value of Hounsfield units and vertebral bone quality on cage subsidence in oblique lateral interbody fusion with bilateral posterior fixation

Abstract Background Cage subsidence (CS) is a significant complication following oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with bilateral pedicle screw fixation (OLIF-BPSF) in patients with spinal degenerative diseases (SDDs). Identifying reliable predictors of CS is crucial for optimizing surgical...

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Main Authors: Chaoshuo Liu, Zixi Zhang, Wenzhao Li, Jialin Zhang, Bing Wang, Xinzhan Mao, Shun Yang, Tao Tu, Yichao Xiao, Cancan Wang, Zhenbin Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06016-3
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author Chaoshuo Liu
Zixi Zhang
Wenzhao Li
Jialin Zhang
Bing Wang
Xinzhan Mao
Shun Yang
Tao Tu
Yichao Xiao
Cancan Wang
Zhenbin Wang
author_facet Chaoshuo Liu
Zixi Zhang
Wenzhao Li
Jialin Zhang
Bing Wang
Xinzhan Mao
Shun Yang
Tao Tu
Yichao Xiao
Cancan Wang
Zhenbin Wang
author_sort Chaoshuo Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Cage subsidence (CS) is a significant complication following oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with bilateral pedicle screw fixation (OLIF-BPSF) in patients with spinal degenerative diseases (SDDs). Identifying reliable predictors of CS is crucial for optimizing surgical outcomes. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 314 SDD patients who underwent OLIF-BPSF between July 2019 and July 2023. Preoperative Hounsfield unit (HU) values and vertebral bone quality (VBQ) scores were measured. Statistical analyses included correlation matrices, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure robustness. Results CS occurred in 13.38% of patients. Lower global (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99) and segmental (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.98) HU values were significantly associated with higher CS incidence, whereas higher global (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.29–2.16) and segmental (HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.30–2.17) VBQ scores were also significantly associated with increased CS risk. A nonlinear relationship was observed between the VBQ score and CS, with CS incidence significantly increasing when the global VBQ score was ≥ 2.67 or the segmental VBQ score was ≥ 2.49. ROC analysis demonstrated good predictive performance for HU values and VBQ scores, with segmental HU values showing superior incremental predictive value (AUC: 0.82). The findings remained consistent across various sensitivity analyses. Conclusion HU values and VBQ scores independently predict CS in SDD patients undergoing OLIF-BPSF. Incorporating these metrics into preoperative assessments may enhance risk stratification and guide personalized surgical planning.
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spelling doaj-art-cdb1630ff6f74058831e2e9a89be6bc02025-08-20T02:10:34ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2025-06-0120111410.1186/s13018-025-06016-3Predictive value of Hounsfield units and vertebral bone quality on cage subsidence in oblique lateral interbody fusion with bilateral posterior fixationChaoshuo Liu0Zixi Zhang1Wenzhao Li2Jialin Zhang3Bing Wang4Xinzhan Mao5Shun Yang6Tao Tu7Yichao Xiao8Cancan Wang9Zhenbin Wang10Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Spine Surgery, Guizhou Province, The Fourth People’s Hospital of GuiyangDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan ProvinceDepartment of Orthopedics, Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineAffiliated to , Xinjiang Medical UniversityAbstract Background Cage subsidence (CS) is a significant complication following oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with bilateral pedicle screw fixation (OLIF-BPSF) in patients with spinal degenerative diseases (SDDs). Identifying reliable predictors of CS is crucial for optimizing surgical outcomes. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 314 SDD patients who underwent OLIF-BPSF between July 2019 and July 2023. Preoperative Hounsfield unit (HU) values and vertebral bone quality (VBQ) scores were measured. Statistical analyses included correlation matrices, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure robustness. Results CS occurred in 13.38% of patients. Lower global (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99) and segmental (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.98) HU values were significantly associated with higher CS incidence, whereas higher global (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.29–2.16) and segmental (HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.30–2.17) VBQ scores were also significantly associated with increased CS risk. A nonlinear relationship was observed between the VBQ score and CS, with CS incidence significantly increasing when the global VBQ score was ≥ 2.67 or the segmental VBQ score was ≥ 2.49. ROC analysis demonstrated good predictive performance for HU values and VBQ scores, with segmental HU values showing superior incremental predictive value (AUC: 0.82). The findings remained consistent across various sensitivity analyses. Conclusion HU values and VBQ scores independently predict CS in SDD patients undergoing OLIF-BPSF. Incorporating these metrics into preoperative assessments may enhance risk stratification and guide personalized surgical planning.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06016-3Hounsfield unit (HU) valueVertebral bone quality (VBQ) scoreCage subsidence (CS)Spinal degenerative diseasePredictive value
spellingShingle Chaoshuo Liu
Zixi Zhang
Wenzhao Li
Jialin Zhang
Bing Wang
Xinzhan Mao
Shun Yang
Tao Tu
Yichao Xiao
Cancan Wang
Zhenbin Wang
Predictive value of Hounsfield units and vertebral bone quality on cage subsidence in oblique lateral interbody fusion with bilateral posterior fixation
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Hounsfield unit (HU) value
Vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score
Cage subsidence (CS)
Spinal degenerative disease
Predictive value
title Predictive value of Hounsfield units and vertebral bone quality on cage subsidence in oblique lateral interbody fusion with bilateral posterior fixation
title_full Predictive value of Hounsfield units and vertebral bone quality on cage subsidence in oblique lateral interbody fusion with bilateral posterior fixation
title_fullStr Predictive value of Hounsfield units and vertebral bone quality on cage subsidence in oblique lateral interbody fusion with bilateral posterior fixation
title_full_unstemmed Predictive value of Hounsfield units and vertebral bone quality on cage subsidence in oblique lateral interbody fusion with bilateral posterior fixation
title_short Predictive value of Hounsfield units and vertebral bone quality on cage subsidence in oblique lateral interbody fusion with bilateral posterior fixation
title_sort predictive value of hounsfield units and vertebral bone quality on cage subsidence in oblique lateral interbody fusion with bilateral posterior fixation
topic Hounsfield unit (HU) value
Vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score
Cage subsidence (CS)
Spinal degenerative disease
Predictive value
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06016-3
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