Microglia Play a Major Role in Direct Viral-Induced Demyelination
Microglia are the resident macrophage-like populations in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia remain quiescent, unable to perform effector and antigen presentation (APC) functions until activated by injury or infection, and have been suggested to represent the first line of defence for the C...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/510396 |
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| author | Dhriti Chatterjee Kaushiki Biswas Soma Nag S. G. Ramachandra Jayasri Das Sarma |
| author_facet | Dhriti Chatterjee Kaushiki Biswas Soma Nag S. G. Ramachandra Jayasri Das Sarma |
| author_sort | Dhriti Chatterjee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microglia are the resident macrophage-like populations in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia remain quiescent, unable to perform effector and antigen presentation (APC) functions until activated by injury or infection, and have been suggested to represent the first line of defence for the CNS. Previous studies demonstrated that microglia can be persistently infected by neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) which causes meningoencephalitis, myelitis with subsequent axonal loss, and demyelination and serve as a virus-induced model of human neurological disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Current studies revealed that MHV infection is associated with the pronounced activation of microglia during acute inflammation, as evidenced by characteristic changes in cellular morphology and increased expression of microglia-specific proteins, Iba1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1), which is a macrophage/microglia-specific novel calcium-binding protein and involved in membrane ruffling and phagocytosis. During chronic inflammation (day 30 postinfection), microglia were still present within areas of demyelination. Experiments performed in ex vivo spinal cord slice culture and in vitro neonatal microglial culture confirmed direct microglial infection. Our results suggest that MHV can directly infect and activate microglia during acute inflammation, which in turn during chronic inflammation stage causes phagocytosis of myelin sheath leading to chronic inflammatory demyelination. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cd9d11b003794fffa8b9c5e70ab1d6a3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1740-2522 1740-2530 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-cd9d11b003794fffa8b9c5e70ab1d6a32025-02-03T05:52:18ZengWileyClinical and Developmental Immunology1740-25221740-25302013-01-01201310.1155/2013/510396510396Microglia Play a Major Role in Direct Viral-Induced DemyelinationDhriti Chatterjee0Kaushiki Biswas1Soma Nag2S. G. Ramachandra3Jayasri Das Sarma4Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur Campus, P.O. Box BCKV Campus Main Office, Nadia, West Bengal Mohanpur 741252, IndiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur Campus, P.O. Box BCKV Campus Main Office, Nadia, West Bengal Mohanpur 741252, IndiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur Campus, P.O. Box BCKV Campus Main Office, Nadia, West Bengal Mohanpur 741252, IndiaCentral Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, IndiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur Campus, P.O. Box BCKV Campus Main Office, Nadia, West Bengal Mohanpur 741252, IndiaMicroglia are the resident macrophage-like populations in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia remain quiescent, unable to perform effector and antigen presentation (APC) functions until activated by injury or infection, and have been suggested to represent the first line of defence for the CNS. Previous studies demonstrated that microglia can be persistently infected by neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) which causes meningoencephalitis, myelitis with subsequent axonal loss, and demyelination and serve as a virus-induced model of human neurological disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Current studies revealed that MHV infection is associated with the pronounced activation of microglia during acute inflammation, as evidenced by characteristic changes in cellular morphology and increased expression of microglia-specific proteins, Iba1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1), which is a macrophage/microglia-specific novel calcium-binding protein and involved in membrane ruffling and phagocytosis. During chronic inflammation (day 30 postinfection), microglia were still present within areas of demyelination. Experiments performed in ex vivo spinal cord slice culture and in vitro neonatal microglial culture confirmed direct microglial infection. Our results suggest that MHV can directly infect and activate microglia during acute inflammation, which in turn during chronic inflammation stage causes phagocytosis of myelin sheath leading to chronic inflammatory demyelination.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/510396 |
| spellingShingle | Dhriti Chatterjee Kaushiki Biswas Soma Nag S. G. Ramachandra Jayasri Das Sarma Microglia Play a Major Role in Direct Viral-Induced Demyelination Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| title | Microglia Play a Major Role in Direct Viral-Induced Demyelination |
| title_full | Microglia Play a Major Role in Direct Viral-Induced Demyelination |
| title_fullStr | Microglia Play a Major Role in Direct Viral-Induced Demyelination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microglia Play a Major Role in Direct Viral-Induced Demyelination |
| title_short | Microglia Play a Major Role in Direct Viral-Induced Demyelination |
| title_sort | microglia play a major role in direct viral induced demyelination |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/510396 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dhritichatterjee microgliaplayamajorroleindirectviralinduceddemyelination AT kaushikibiswas microgliaplayamajorroleindirectviralinduceddemyelination AT somanag microgliaplayamajorroleindirectviralinduceddemyelination AT sgramachandra microgliaplayamajorroleindirectviralinduceddemyelination AT jayasridassarma microgliaplayamajorroleindirectviralinduceddemyelination |