Implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in preoperative anaesthesia assessment clinic

Elevated preoperative blood pressure (BP) is a common problem and often results in late surgery cancellation and wastage of theatre resources. High BP readings in the preoperative anaesthetic assessment clinic (PAAC) could be the result of the white coat effect (WCE) and may not reflect patients’ ba...

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Main Authors: Xinyan Zhang, Xuan Han Koh, Shuhuei Neo, Avinash Gobindram, Anne S C Kiew, Eeteng Ong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:BMJ Open Quality
Online Access:https://bmjopenquality.bmj.com/content/14/3/e003097.full
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author Xinyan Zhang
Xuan Han Koh
Shuhuei Neo
Avinash Gobindram
Anne S C Kiew
Eeteng Ong
author_facet Xinyan Zhang
Xuan Han Koh
Shuhuei Neo
Avinash Gobindram
Anne S C Kiew
Eeteng Ong
author_sort Xinyan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Elevated preoperative blood pressure (BP) is a common problem and often results in late surgery cancellation and wastage of theatre resources. High BP readings in the preoperative anaesthetic assessment clinic (PAAC) could be the result of the white coat effect (WCE) and may not reflect patients’ baseline BP. A preliminary audit conducted in our hospital revealed a significant number of unnecessary referrals to the general practitioners (GPs) and the emergency department (ED) based on high BP readings in PAAC alone.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WCE in elective surgical patients and develop a workflow to reduce unnecessary referrals and case cancellations.A multidisciplinary team established a new hypertension workflow by introducing home BP monitoring and involving internal medicine specialists in perioperative care. 214 patients with clinic BP higher than 160/90 mm Hg in PAAC were recruited. They were instructed to check their home BP twice a day with a machine on loan from PAAC and seek medical assistance if their home BP exceeded 160/90 mm Hg. WCE was diagnosed when the discrepancy between the average clinic BP and home BP exceeded 20/10 mm Hg.WCE was observed in 92.1% of patients (162/176, 95% CI 87.0 to 95.6) and 57.4% of those with WCE (57.4%, 95% CI 49.7 to 64.8) had normal home BP measurement. None of the patients had surgery cancelled due to high BP readings on the day of the operation, and the number of unnecessary GP/ED referrals was significantly reduced after implementation of the new workflow.The comprehensive perioperative workflow using home BP monitoring offers an effective and feasible method to detect WCE. This approach has saved healthcare resources and improved patient satisfaction.
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spelling doaj-art-cd751d2e07f74e24bee5ff27e2d5eebf2025-08-20T03:51:29ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Quality2399-66412025-07-0114310.1136/bmjoq-2024-003097Implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in preoperative anaesthesia assessment clinicXinyan Zhang0Xuan Han Koh1Shuhuei Neo2Avinash Gobindram3Anne S C Kiew4Eeteng Ong5Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, SingaporeDepartment of Health Service Research, Changi General Hospital, SingaporeDepartment of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, SingaporeDepartment of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, SingaporeDepartment of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, SingaporeDepartment of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, SingaporeElevated preoperative blood pressure (BP) is a common problem and often results in late surgery cancellation and wastage of theatre resources. High BP readings in the preoperative anaesthetic assessment clinic (PAAC) could be the result of the white coat effect (WCE) and may not reflect patients’ baseline BP. A preliminary audit conducted in our hospital revealed a significant number of unnecessary referrals to the general practitioners (GPs) and the emergency department (ED) based on high BP readings in PAAC alone.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WCE in elective surgical patients and develop a workflow to reduce unnecessary referrals and case cancellations.A multidisciplinary team established a new hypertension workflow by introducing home BP monitoring and involving internal medicine specialists in perioperative care. 214 patients with clinic BP higher than 160/90 mm Hg in PAAC were recruited. They were instructed to check their home BP twice a day with a machine on loan from PAAC and seek medical assistance if their home BP exceeded 160/90 mm Hg. WCE was diagnosed when the discrepancy between the average clinic BP and home BP exceeded 20/10 mm Hg.WCE was observed in 92.1% of patients (162/176, 95% CI 87.0 to 95.6) and 57.4% of those with WCE (57.4%, 95% CI 49.7 to 64.8) had normal home BP measurement. None of the patients had surgery cancelled due to high BP readings on the day of the operation, and the number of unnecessary GP/ED referrals was significantly reduced after implementation of the new workflow.The comprehensive perioperative workflow using home BP monitoring offers an effective and feasible method to detect WCE. This approach has saved healthcare resources and improved patient satisfaction.https://bmjopenquality.bmj.com/content/14/3/e003097.full
spellingShingle Xinyan Zhang
Xuan Han Koh
Shuhuei Neo
Avinash Gobindram
Anne S C Kiew
Eeteng Ong
Implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in preoperative anaesthesia assessment clinic
BMJ Open Quality
title Implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in preoperative anaesthesia assessment clinic
title_full Implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in preoperative anaesthesia assessment clinic
title_fullStr Implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in preoperative anaesthesia assessment clinic
title_full_unstemmed Implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in preoperative anaesthesia assessment clinic
title_short Implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in preoperative anaesthesia assessment clinic
title_sort implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in preoperative anaesthesia assessment clinic
url https://bmjopenquality.bmj.com/content/14/3/e003097.full
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