The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is an important primary glomerular disease characterized by severe proteinuria. Evidence supports a role for T cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of INS. Glucocorticoids are the primary therapy for INS; however, steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) patients are at a high...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6499668 |
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| author | Elham Ahmadian Yalda Rahbar Saadat Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia Milad Bastami Mohammadali M. Shoja Sepideh Zununi Vahed Mohammadreza Ardalan |
| author_facet | Elham Ahmadian Yalda Rahbar Saadat Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia Milad Bastami Mohammadali M. Shoja Sepideh Zununi Vahed Mohammadreza Ardalan |
| author_sort | Elham Ahmadian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is an important primary glomerular disease characterized by severe proteinuria. Evidence supports a role for T cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of INS. Glucocorticoids are the primary therapy for INS; however, steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) patients are at a higher risk of drug-induced side effects and harbor poor prognosis. Although the exact mechanism of the resistance is unknown, the imbalances of T helper subtype 1 (Th1), Th2, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid responsiveness. Up to now, no confirmed biomarkers have been able to predict SRNS; however, a panel of cytokines may predict responsiveness and identify SRNS patients. Thus, the introduction of distinctive cytokines as novel biomarkers of SRNS enables both preventions of drug-related toxicity and earlier switch to more effective therapies. This review highlights the impacts of T cell population imbalances and their downstream cytokines on response to glucocorticoid responsiveness state in INS. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cd53dd16b6dc4b41b53cb32516469620 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-cd53dd16b6dc4b41b53cb325164696202025-02-03T01:02:14ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation1466-18612022-01-01202210.1155/2022/6499668The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic SyndromeElham Ahmadian0Yalda Rahbar Saadat1Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia2Milad Bastami3Mohammadali M. Shoja4Sepideh Zununi Vahed5Mohammadreza Ardalan6Kidney Research CenterKidney Research CenterResearch Center for Pharmaceutical NanotechnologyNoncommunicable Diseases Research CenterClinical Academy of Teaching and LearningKidney Research CenterKidney Research CenterIdiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is an important primary glomerular disease characterized by severe proteinuria. Evidence supports a role for T cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of INS. Glucocorticoids are the primary therapy for INS; however, steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) patients are at a higher risk of drug-induced side effects and harbor poor prognosis. Although the exact mechanism of the resistance is unknown, the imbalances of T helper subtype 1 (Th1), Th2, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid responsiveness. Up to now, no confirmed biomarkers have been able to predict SRNS; however, a panel of cytokines may predict responsiveness and identify SRNS patients. Thus, the introduction of distinctive cytokines as novel biomarkers of SRNS enables both preventions of drug-related toxicity and earlier switch to more effective therapies. This review highlights the impacts of T cell population imbalances and their downstream cytokines on response to glucocorticoid responsiveness state in INS.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6499668 |
| spellingShingle | Elham Ahmadian Yalda Rahbar Saadat Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia Milad Bastami Mohammadali M. Shoja Sepideh Zununi Vahed Mohammadreza Ardalan The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome |
| title_full | The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome |
| title_short | The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome |
| title_sort | role of cytokines in nephrotic syndrome |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6499668 |
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