Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Amoxicillin: Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> in Canine Clinical Isolates
The rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern in both human and veterinary medicine, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> presenting significant challenges. <b>...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/99 |
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| author | Syed Al Jawad Sayem Ga-Yeong Lee Muhammad Aleem Abbas Seung-Chun Park Seung-Jin Lee |
| author_facet | Syed Al Jawad Sayem Ga-Yeong Lee Muhammad Aleem Abbas Seung-Chun Park Seung-Jin Lee |
| author_sort | Syed Al Jawad Sayem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern in both human and veterinary medicine, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> presenting significant challenges. <b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study evaluates the effectiveness of amoxicillin against these MDR pathogens in canine isolates using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. <b>Methods</b>: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and mutation prevention concentration (MPC) were assessed. Additionally, time-kill assays and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) assessments were performed. Epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values were established for both species to guide therapy. <b>Results</b>: <i>S. aureus</i> had a higher resistance rate (35.89%) than <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> (15.27%), with MIC50 values of 0.50 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. The MPC analysis revealed that <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> required higher antibiotic concentrations (16.11 μg/mL) to prevent mutations compared to <i>S. aureus</i> (2.20 μg/mL). Time-kill assays indicated that higher amoxicillin dosages caused faster bacterial reduction. The PAE analysis showed extended post-treatment bacterial suppression at elevated doses, particularly against <i>S. aureus</i>. <b>Conclusions</b>: Species-specific amoxicillin dosing strategies are necessary due to differing resistance and susceptibility profiles between <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. pseudintermedius</i>. High-dose amoxicillin therapy is recommended to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes for resistant SA, while slightly adjusted dosing can manage <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> infections. These findings provide essential insights for veterinary antimicrobial stewardship, underscoring the need for tailored therapeutic approaches to minimize AMR development while ensuring effective infection control. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cd522898d1bd4e10b756b349b8867c3a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-cd522898d1bd4e10b756b349b8867c3a2025-01-24T13:18:59ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-01-011419910.3390/antibiotics14010099Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Amoxicillin: Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> in Canine Clinical IsolatesSyed Al Jawad Sayem0Ga-Yeong Lee1Muhammad Aleem Abbas2Seung-Chun Park3Seung-Jin Lee4Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaLaboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDevelopmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of KoreaThe rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern in both human and veterinary medicine, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> presenting significant challenges. <b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study evaluates the effectiveness of amoxicillin against these MDR pathogens in canine isolates using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. <b>Methods</b>: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and mutation prevention concentration (MPC) were assessed. Additionally, time-kill assays and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) assessments were performed. Epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values were established for both species to guide therapy. <b>Results</b>: <i>S. aureus</i> had a higher resistance rate (35.89%) than <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> (15.27%), with MIC50 values of 0.50 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. The MPC analysis revealed that <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> required higher antibiotic concentrations (16.11 μg/mL) to prevent mutations compared to <i>S. aureus</i> (2.20 μg/mL). Time-kill assays indicated that higher amoxicillin dosages caused faster bacterial reduction. The PAE analysis showed extended post-treatment bacterial suppression at elevated doses, particularly against <i>S. aureus</i>. <b>Conclusions</b>: Species-specific amoxicillin dosing strategies are necessary due to differing resistance and susceptibility profiles between <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. pseudintermedius</i>. High-dose amoxicillin therapy is recommended to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes for resistant SA, while slightly adjusted dosing can manage <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> infections. These findings provide essential insights for veterinary antimicrobial stewardship, underscoring the need for tailored therapeutic approaches to minimize AMR development while ensuring effective infection control.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/99amoxicillin<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i><i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>minimal inhibitory concentrationtime-kill assaypost-antibiotic effect |
| spellingShingle | Syed Al Jawad Sayem Ga-Yeong Lee Muhammad Aleem Abbas Seung-Chun Park Seung-Jin Lee Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Amoxicillin: Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> in Canine Clinical Isolates Antibiotics amoxicillin <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> minimal inhibitory concentration time-kill assay post-antibiotic effect |
| title | Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Amoxicillin: Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> in Canine Clinical Isolates |
| title_full | Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Amoxicillin: Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> in Canine Clinical Isolates |
| title_fullStr | Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Amoxicillin: Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> in Canine Clinical Isolates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Amoxicillin: Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> in Canine Clinical Isolates |
| title_short | Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Amoxicillin: Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> in Canine Clinical Isolates |
| title_sort | pharmacodynamic profiling of amoxicillin targeting multidrug resistant gram positive pathogens i staphylococcus aureus i and i staphylococcus pseudintermedius i in canine clinical isolates |
| topic | amoxicillin <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> minimal inhibitory concentration time-kill assay post-antibiotic effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/99 |
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