Prevalence and Pregnancy Outcomes of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia Phenotypes: A Multicenter Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The two main phenotypic types of preeclampsia/eclampsia (P/E) are early and late onset. The classification is necessary for prognostication of the disorder and better management. In Nigeria, information regarding the prevalence and pregnancy outcomes is still sparse. Objectives: To deter...

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Main Authors: Daniel N. Onwusulu, Joseph T. Enebe, Amuchechukwu V. Nwafor, Sunday E. Jumbo, Samuel O. Ilikannu, Confidence C. Ogbomade, Kenechuckwu C. Igwilo, Emmanuel I. Ogumu, Ebube B. Akosa, Chuba S. Jeremiah, John E. James, Ikechukwu I. Mbachu, George U. Eleje, Chioma N. Iloabachie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:International Journal of Medicine and Health Development
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_65_24
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Summary:Background: The two main phenotypic types of preeclampsia/eclampsia (P/E) are early and late onset. The classification is necessary for prognostication of the disorder and better management. In Nigeria, information regarding the prevalence and pregnancy outcomes is still sparse. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of phenotypic patterns and pregnancy outcomes of P/E patients in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multi-centered cross-sectional design was adopted. One hundred and thirty-three P/E patients were recruited consecutively over a period of 5 months, and a semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Outcomes measured included the prevalence of P/E and the phenotypes, maternal characteristics of the phenotypes, delivery rate, and feto-maternal outcomes. Results: The prevalence of P/E was 7.2% (133 out of 1831 deliveries); proportions of early versus late onset phenotypes were 45.9% and 54.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mode of delivery and adverse maternal outcomes, mean booking weight, and special baby care intensive unit admission between the two (P > 0.05): however, live birth rate, birth weight, and gestational age at delivery were significantly higher in late-onset compared with early-onset P/E (P = 0.032, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of P/E was high; late onset P/E was slightly more frequent than the early onset phenotype. Perinatal outcome was better for late onset compared to early onset P/E. Therefore, since early onset phenotype, though less common, is associated with poorer outcomes, there should be prioritization of resources once diagnosed for improved outcome.
ISSN:2635-3695
2667-2863