Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study
Haibin Han,1 Jie Liu,1 Lu Wang,1 Gen Li,2 Tingting Wang1 1Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Qingdao Huangdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tingting Wan...
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Dove Medical Press
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment |
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| author | Han H Liu J Wang L Li G Wang T |
| author_facet | Han H Liu J Wang L Li G Wang T |
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| description | Haibin Han,1 Jie Liu,1 Lu Wang,1 Gen Li,2 Tingting Wang1 1Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Qingdao Huangdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tingting Wang, Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, Email wtt06309302@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to quantify the effects of humidex (a composite index of temperature and relative humidity) on schizophrenia admissions.Methods: The exposure-lag-response relationship between humidex and schizophrenia admissions was explored via a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). The modification effects of sex and age were also investigated. We further calculated the attributable fraction (AF) and number (AN) due to humidex.Results: During the study period, the median humidex in Qingdao was 15.22, and the low humidex (− 7, 2.5th percentile) and high humidex (40, 97.5th percentile) were − 7 and 40, respectively. The significant adverse effects of low humidex on schizophrenia admissions persisted from lag 2 [Relative risk (RR)=1.060, 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.006– 1.117] to lag 5 (1.063, 1.008– 1.122) and reached its maximum at lag 4 (1.078, 1.008– 1.152). Females and young individuals are susceptible to low humidex. In addition, the AFs and ANs of schizophrenia admissions due to low humidex were 7.2% and 407, respectively.Conclusion: Schizophrenia admission was associated with only low humidex. Humidex may serve as an early warning indicator of schizophrenia.Keywords: distributed lag nonlinear mode, relative risk, humidex, attributable fraction |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1178-2021 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc2cb4f37dae41a29f444b9eb74df9a52025-08-20T02:20:12ZengDove Medical PressNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment1178-20212025-04-01Volume 21989997102516Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series StudyHan HLiu JWang LLi GWang THaibin Han,1 Jie Liu,1 Lu Wang,1 Gen Li,2 Tingting Wang1 1Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Qingdao Huangdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tingting Wang, Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, Email wtt06309302@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to quantify the effects of humidex (a composite index of temperature and relative humidity) on schizophrenia admissions.Methods: The exposure-lag-response relationship between humidex and schizophrenia admissions was explored via a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). The modification effects of sex and age were also investigated. We further calculated the attributable fraction (AF) and number (AN) due to humidex.Results: During the study period, the median humidex in Qingdao was 15.22, and the low humidex (− 7, 2.5th percentile) and high humidex (40, 97.5th percentile) were − 7 and 40, respectively. The significant adverse effects of low humidex on schizophrenia admissions persisted from lag 2 [Relative risk (RR)=1.060, 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.006– 1.117] to lag 5 (1.063, 1.008– 1.122) and reached its maximum at lag 4 (1.078, 1.008– 1.152). Females and young individuals are susceptible to low humidex. In addition, the AFs and ANs of schizophrenia admissions due to low humidex were 7.2% and 407, respectively.Conclusion: Schizophrenia admission was associated with only low humidex. Humidex may serve as an early warning indicator of schizophrenia.Keywords: distributed lag nonlinear mode, relative risk, humidex, attributable fractionhttps://www.dovepress.com/association-of-exposure-to-humidex-with-schizophrenia-admissions-in-qi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDTdistributed lag nonlinear moderelative riskhumidexattributable fraction |
| spellingShingle | Han H Liu J Wang L Li G Wang T Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment distributed lag nonlinear mode relative risk humidex attributable fraction |
| title | Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study |
| title_full | Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study |
| title_fullStr | Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study |
| title_short | Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study |
| title_sort | association of exposure to humidex with schizophrenia admissions in qingdao china a time series study |
| topic | distributed lag nonlinear mode relative risk humidex attributable fraction |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/association-of-exposure-to-humidex-with-schizophrenia-admissions-in-qi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT |
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