Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study

Haibin Han,1 Jie Liu,1 Lu Wang,1 Gen Li,2 Tingting Wang1 1Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Qingdao Huangdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tingting Wan...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Han H, Liu J, Wang L, Li G, Wang T
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dove Medical Press 2025-04-01
Series:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.dovepress.com/association-of-exposure-to-humidex-with-schizophrenia-admissions-in-qi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850171821412843520
author Han H
Liu J
Wang L
Li G
Wang T
author_facet Han H
Liu J
Wang L
Li G
Wang T
author_sort Han H
collection DOAJ
description Haibin Han,1 Jie Liu,1 Lu Wang,1 Gen Li,2 Tingting Wang1 1Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Qingdao Huangdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tingting Wang, Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, Email wtt06309302@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to quantify the effects of humidex (a composite index of temperature and relative humidity) on schizophrenia admissions.Methods: The exposure-lag-response relationship between humidex and schizophrenia admissions was explored via a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). The modification effects of sex and age were also investigated. We further calculated the attributable fraction (AF) and number (AN) due to humidex.Results: During the study period, the median humidex in Qingdao was 15.22, and the low humidex (− 7, 2.5th percentile) and high humidex (40, 97.5th percentile) were − 7 and 40, respectively. The significant adverse effects of low humidex on schizophrenia admissions persisted from lag 2 [Relative risk (RR)=1.060, 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.006– 1.117] to lag 5 (1.063, 1.008– 1.122) and reached its maximum at lag 4 (1.078, 1.008– 1.152). Females and young individuals are susceptible to low humidex. In addition, the AFs and ANs of schizophrenia admissions due to low humidex were 7.2% and 407, respectively.Conclusion: Schizophrenia admission was associated with only low humidex. Humidex may serve as an early warning indicator of schizophrenia.Keywords: distributed lag nonlinear mode, relative risk, humidex, attributable fraction
format Article
id doaj-art-cc2cb4f37dae41a29f444b9eb74df9a5
institution OA Journals
issn 1178-2021
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Dove Medical Press
record_format Article
series Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
spelling doaj-art-cc2cb4f37dae41a29f444b9eb74df9a52025-08-20T02:20:12ZengDove Medical PressNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment1178-20212025-04-01Volume 21989997102516Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series StudyHan HLiu JWang LLi GWang THaibin Han,1 Jie Liu,1 Lu Wang,1 Gen Li,2 Tingting Wang1 1Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Qingdao Huangdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tingting Wang, Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, Email wtt06309302@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to quantify the effects of humidex (a composite index of temperature and relative humidity) on schizophrenia admissions.Methods: The exposure-lag-response relationship between humidex and schizophrenia admissions was explored via a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). The modification effects of sex and age were also investigated. We further calculated the attributable fraction (AF) and number (AN) due to humidex.Results: During the study period, the median humidex in Qingdao was 15.22, and the low humidex (− 7, 2.5th percentile) and high humidex (40, 97.5th percentile) were − 7 and 40, respectively. The significant adverse effects of low humidex on schizophrenia admissions persisted from lag 2 [Relative risk (RR)=1.060, 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.006– 1.117] to lag 5 (1.063, 1.008– 1.122) and reached its maximum at lag 4 (1.078, 1.008– 1.152). Females and young individuals are susceptible to low humidex. In addition, the AFs and ANs of schizophrenia admissions due to low humidex were 7.2% and 407, respectively.Conclusion: Schizophrenia admission was associated with only low humidex. Humidex may serve as an early warning indicator of schizophrenia.Keywords: distributed lag nonlinear mode, relative risk, humidex, attributable fractionhttps://www.dovepress.com/association-of-exposure-to-humidex-with-schizophrenia-admissions-in-qi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDTdistributed lag nonlinear moderelative riskhumidexattributable fraction
spellingShingle Han H
Liu J
Wang L
Li G
Wang T
Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
distributed lag nonlinear mode
relative risk
humidex
attributable fraction
title Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study
title_full Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study
title_fullStr Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study
title_full_unstemmed Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study
title_short Association of Exposure to Humidex with Schizophrenia Admissions in Qingdao, China: A Time-Series Study
title_sort association of exposure to humidex with schizophrenia admissions in qingdao china a time series study
topic distributed lag nonlinear mode
relative risk
humidex
attributable fraction
url https://www.dovepress.com/association-of-exposure-to-humidex-with-schizophrenia-admissions-in-qi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT
work_keys_str_mv AT hanh associationofexposuretohumidexwithschizophreniaadmissionsinqingdaochinaatimeseriesstudy
AT liuj associationofexposuretohumidexwithschizophreniaadmissionsinqingdaochinaatimeseriesstudy
AT wangl associationofexposuretohumidexwithschizophreniaadmissionsinqingdaochinaatimeseriesstudy
AT lig associationofexposuretohumidexwithschizophreniaadmissionsinqingdaochinaatimeseriesstudy
AT wangt associationofexposuretohumidexwithschizophreniaadmissionsinqingdaochinaatimeseriesstudy