Numerical analysis of factors causing long-term trends and annual variations of sulfur and nitrogen deposition amount in Japan from 2000 to 2020
Abstract The deposition of sulfur and nitrogen from the atmosphere to the ground surface is harmful to ecosystems. This study performed long-term air quality simulations to quantify the influences of factors, including anthropogenic emissions in Japan, meteorological fields, transboundary transport,...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44273-025-00052-5 |
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| author | Satoru Chatani Hikari Shimadera Kyo Kitayama Kazuya Nishina |
| author_facet | Satoru Chatani Hikari Shimadera Kyo Kitayama Kazuya Nishina |
| author_sort | Satoru Chatani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The deposition of sulfur and nitrogen from the atmosphere to the ground surface is harmful to ecosystems. This study performed long-term air quality simulations to quantify the influences of factors, including anthropogenic emissions in Japan, meteorological fields, transboundary transport, and volcanic emissions, on the long-term trends and annual variations in sulfur and nitrogen deposition in Japan from 2000 to 2020. The air quality simulations performed well in reproducing the long-term trends and annual variations in the wet deposition amount, whereas the simulated dry deposition amount may contain larger uncertainties. The decreasing trends in sulfur deposition were statistically significant during the entire study period (2000–2020) in most of Japan. They were caused by the reduction of anthropogenic SO2 emissions in Japan and China, which was accomplished by the implementation of stringent emission controls, as well as a gradual decrease in SO2 emissions from the Miyakejima volcano, which erupted in 2000. No significant decreasing trends were found in nitrogen deposition in Japan during the first half of the study period (2000–2010). Decreases caused by the reduction in anthropogenic NOx emissions in Japan were compensated for by increases caused by increasing NOx emissions in China and changes in the gas-aerosol partitioning of nitrates instead of sulfates. The decreasing trend in nitrogen deposition in Japan became statistically significant during the second half of the study period (2010–2020) after anthropogenic NOx emissions started to decline in China. Meteorological fields primarily influenced annual variations in the amount of nitrogen deposition. This study reveals that long-term air quality simulations are useful for quantifying the influences of various factors on long-term trends and annual variations in sulfur and nitrogen deposition. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cbc2b50e119b41c6a9713a4d34103cd4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1976-6912 2287-1160 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
| spelling | doaj-art-cbc2b50e119b41c6a9713a4d34103cd42025-02-02T12:08:27ZengSpringerAsian Journal of Atmospheric Environment1976-69122287-11602025-01-0119111510.1007/s44273-025-00052-5Numerical analysis of factors causing long-term trends and annual variations of sulfur and nitrogen deposition amount in Japan from 2000 to 2020Satoru Chatani0Hikari Shimadera1Kyo Kitayama2Kazuya Nishina3National Institute for Environmental StudiesOsaka UniversityNational Institute for Environmental StudiesNational Institute for Environmental StudiesAbstract The deposition of sulfur and nitrogen from the atmosphere to the ground surface is harmful to ecosystems. This study performed long-term air quality simulations to quantify the influences of factors, including anthropogenic emissions in Japan, meteorological fields, transboundary transport, and volcanic emissions, on the long-term trends and annual variations in sulfur and nitrogen deposition in Japan from 2000 to 2020. The air quality simulations performed well in reproducing the long-term trends and annual variations in the wet deposition amount, whereas the simulated dry deposition amount may contain larger uncertainties. The decreasing trends in sulfur deposition were statistically significant during the entire study period (2000–2020) in most of Japan. They were caused by the reduction of anthropogenic SO2 emissions in Japan and China, which was accomplished by the implementation of stringent emission controls, as well as a gradual decrease in SO2 emissions from the Miyakejima volcano, which erupted in 2000. No significant decreasing trends were found in nitrogen deposition in Japan during the first half of the study period (2000–2010). Decreases caused by the reduction in anthropogenic NOx emissions in Japan were compensated for by increases caused by increasing NOx emissions in China and changes in the gas-aerosol partitioning of nitrates instead of sulfates. The decreasing trend in nitrogen deposition in Japan became statistically significant during the second half of the study period (2010–2020) after anthropogenic NOx emissions started to decline in China. Meteorological fields primarily influenced annual variations in the amount of nitrogen deposition. This study reveals that long-term air quality simulations are useful for quantifying the influences of various factors on long-term trends and annual variations in sulfur and nitrogen deposition. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44273-025-00052-5Wet depositionDry depositionAcid rainNitrogen cycleAir quality simulationTrend analysis |
| spellingShingle | Satoru Chatani Hikari Shimadera Kyo Kitayama Kazuya Nishina Numerical analysis of factors causing long-term trends and annual variations of sulfur and nitrogen deposition amount in Japan from 2000 to 2020 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment Wet deposition Dry deposition Acid rain Nitrogen cycle Air quality simulation Trend analysis |
| title | Numerical analysis of factors causing long-term trends and annual variations of sulfur and nitrogen deposition amount in Japan from 2000 to 2020 |
| title_full | Numerical analysis of factors causing long-term trends and annual variations of sulfur and nitrogen deposition amount in Japan from 2000 to 2020 |
| title_fullStr | Numerical analysis of factors causing long-term trends and annual variations of sulfur and nitrogen deposition amount in Japan from 2000 to 2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical analysis of factors causing long-term trends and annual variations of sulfur and nitrogen deposition amount in Japan from 2000 to 2020 |
| title_short | Numerical analysis of factors causing long-term trends and annual variations of sulfur and nitrogen deposition amount in Japan from 2000 to 2020 |
| title_sort | numerical analysis of factors causing long term trends and annual variations of sulfur and nitrogen deposition amount in japan from 2000 to 2020 |
| topic | Wet deposition Dry deposition Acid rain Nitrogen cycle Air quality simulation Trend analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44273-025-00052-5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT satoruchatani numericalanalysisoffactorscausinglongtermtrendsandannualvariationsofsulfurandnitrogendepositionamountinjapanfrom2000to2020 AT hikarishimadera numericalanalysisoffactorscausinglongtermtrendsandannualvariationsofsulfurandnitrogendepositionamountinjapanfrom2000to2020 AT kyokitayama numericalanalysisoffactorscausinglongtermtrendsandannualvariationsofsulfurandnitrogendepositionamountinjapanfrom2000to2020 AT kazuyanishina numericalanalysisoffactorscausinglongtermtrendsandannualvariationsofsulfurandnitrogendepositionamountinjapanfrom2000to2020 |