The Effect of Intravenous Metoclopramide on Pain, Nausea, Discomfort, and Ease of Insertion of Nasogastric Tube in Emergency Department: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Background: Placement of nasogastric tube (NGT) is a routine procedure in the emergency departments, which can be uncomfortable, painful, and cause nausea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous metoclopramide on the ease of NGT insertion, as well as reduction of patient...
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Knowledge E
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences |
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| author | Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad Farzad Bozorgi Asieh Khodami Hamed Aminiahidashti Mohammad Hajizade Juybari |
| author_facet | Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad Farzad Bozorgi Asieh Khodami Hamed Aminiahidashti Mohammad Hajizade Juybari |
| author_sort | Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Background: Placement of nasogastric tube (NGT) is a routine procedure in the emergency departments, which can be uncomfortable, painful, and cause nausea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous metoclopramide on the ease of NGT insertion, as well as reduction of patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department.
Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran Province, Iran were enrolled. Data were collected from December 2015 to March 2016. Participants were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups (placebo and intervention groups). In metoclopramide and placebo groups, 10 mg of metoclopramide and 10 mg of normal saline solution were administered, respectively. All of the NGT was inserted 15–20 mins after the intravenous infusion. Patient-reported pain, discomfort, and nausea were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), at four time points including before (T0), immediately (T1), 30 min after (T2), and 1 hr after the NGT placement (T3). The ease of NGT insertion was evaluated as easy, moderate, and difficult to pass.
Results: None of the patients had pain, nausea, and discomfort in T0. Additionally, for those who received intravenous metoclopramide, pain intensity significantly decreased compared with the placebo group in T1 (37.7 vs 55.0), T2 (26.2 vs 41.7), and T3 (20.5 vs 33.7), respectively (P < 0.001). Nausea intensity decreased significantly over time among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T1 (32.7 vs 43.2), T2 (19.5 vs 31.2), and T3 (9.0 vs 21.7), respectively (P < 0.001). The intensity of patients’ discomfort decreased significantly among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T1 (39.5 vs 54.0), T2 (28.7 vs 40.2), and T3 (26.2 vs 39.6), respectively (P < 0.001). Patients in the intervention group had easier placement of NGT compared with the placebo group (Easy: 40.0% vs 0.0%, Moderate: 45.0% vs 62.5%, and Difficult: 15.0% vs 37.5%; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it seems that intravenous metoclopramide can be used as a promising modality for improving the ease of NGT placement and reducing patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cba03e05c3d446d8b6f251815720a424 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-cba03e05c3d446d8b6f251815720a4242025-01-21T11:43:28ZengKnowledge ESudan Journal of Medical Sciences1858-50512021-12-0116410.18502/sjms.v16i4.9947The Effect of Intravenous Metoclopramide on Pain, Nausea, Discomfort, and Ease of Insertion of Nasogastric Tube in Emergency Department: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical TrialSeyed Mohammad Hosseininejad0Farzad Bozorgi1Asieh Khodami2Hamed Aminiahidashti3Mohammad Hajizade Juybari4Department of Emergency Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Orthopedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranStudent Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranFaculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Background: Placement of nasogastric tube (NGT) is a routine procedure in the emergency departments, which can be uncomfortable, painful, and cause nausea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous metoclopramide on the ease of NGT insertion, as well as reduction of patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran Province, Iran were enrolled. Data were collected from December 2015 to March 2016. Participants were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups (placebo and intervention groups). In metoclopramide and placebo groups, 10 mg of metoclopramide and 10 mg of normal saline solution were administered, respectively. All of the NGT was inserted 15–20 mins after the intravenous infusion. Patient-reported pain, discomfort, and nausea were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), at four time points including before (T0), immediately (T1), 30 min after (T2), and 1 hr after the NGT placement (T3). The ease of NGT insertion was evaluated as easy, moderate, and difficult to pass. Results: None of the patients had pain, nausea, and discomfort in T0. Additionally, for those who received intravenous metoclopramide, pain intensity significantly decreased compared with the placebo group in T1 (37.7 vs 55.0), T2 (26.2 vs 41.7), and T3 (20.5 vs 33.7), respectively (P < 0.001). Nausea intensity decreased significantly over time among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T1 (32.7 vs 43.2), T2 (19.5 vs 31.2), and T3 (9.0 vs 21.7), respectively (P < 0.001). The intensity of patients’ discomfort decreased significantly among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T1 (39.5 vs 54.0), T2 (28.7 vs 40.2), and T3 (26.2 vs 39.6), respectively (P < 0.001). Patients in the intervention group had easier placement of NGT compared with the placebo group (Easy: 40.0% vs 0.0%, Moderate: 45.0% vs 62.5%, and Difficult: 15.0% vs 37.5%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it seems that intravenous metoclopramide can be used as a promising modality for improving the ease of NGT placement and reducing patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department. https://knepublishing.com/index.php/SJMS/article/view/9947metoclopramidenasogastric tube placementpainnauseadiscomfort |
| spellingShingle | Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad Farzad Bozorgi Asieh Khodami Hamed Aminiahidashti Mohammad Hajizade Juybari The Effect of Intravenous Metoclopramide on Pain, Nausea, Discomfort, and Ease of Insertion of Nasogastric Tube in Emergency Department: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences metoclopramide nasogastric tube placement pain nausea discomfort |
| title | The Effect of Intravenous Metoclopramide on Pain, Nausea, Discomfort, and Ease of Insertion of Nasogastric Tube in Emergency Department: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial |
| title_full | The Effect of Intravenous Metoclopramide on Pain, Nausea, Discomfort, and Ease of Insertion of Nasogastric Tube in Emergency Department: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Intravenous Metoclopramide on Pain, Nausea, Discomfort, and Ease of Insertion of Nasogastric Tube in Emergency Department: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Intravenous Metoclopramide on Pain, Nausea, Discomfort, and Ease of Insertion of Nasogastric Tube in Emergency Department: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial |
| title_short | The Effect of Intravenous Metoclopramide on Pain, Nausea, Discomfort, and Ease of Insertion of Nasogastric Tube in Emergency Department: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial |
| title_sort | effect of intravenous metoclopramide on pain nausea discomfort and ease of insertion of nasogastric tube in emergency department a double blind randomized clinical trial |
| topic | metoclopramide nasogastric tube placement pain nausea discomfort |
| url | https://knepublishing.com/index.php/SJMS/article/view/9947 |
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