Annotation of the Extracellular Enveloped Form of Monkeypox Virus for the Design, Screening, Validation, and Simulation of a Chimeric Vaccine Construct

Recent outbreaks caused by hMPXV, especially hMPXV lineages/sub-lineages, represent public health threats necessitating stringent prophylactic measures to ameliorate their colossal impact. The current study annotated the EEV form of hMPXV’s target proteins to formulate a reverse vaccinology-dependen...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Asrar Izhari, Essa Ajmi Alodeani, Siraj B. Alharthi, Ahmad H. A. Almontasheri, Foton E. Alotaibi, Rakan E. Alotaibi, Wael A. Alghamdi, Osama Abdulaziz, Fahad Alghamdi, Ali Alisaac, Mansoor Alsahag, Ahmed R. A. Gosady
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/830
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author Mohammad Asrar Izhari
Essa Ajmi Alodeani
Siraj B. Alharthi
Ahmad H. A. Almontasheri
Foton E. Alotaibi
Rakan E. Alotaibi
Wael A. Alghamdi
Osama Abdulaziz
Fahad Alghamdi
Ali Alisaac
Mansoor Alsahag
Ahmed R. A. Gosady
author_facet Mohammad Asrar Izhari
Essa Ajmi Alodeani
Siraj B. Alharthi
Ahmad H. A. Almontasheri
Foton E. Alotaibi
Rakan E. Alotaibi
Wael A. Alghamdi
Osama Abdulaziz
Fahad Alghamdi
Ali Alisaac
Mansoor Alsahag
Ahmed R. A. Gosady
author_sort Mohammad Asrar Izhari
collection DOAJ
description Recent outbreaks caused by hMPXV, especially hMPXV lineages/sub-lineages, represent public health threats necessitating stringent prophylactic measures to ameliorate their colossal impact. The current study annotated the EEV form of hMPXV’s target proteins to formulate a reverse vaccinology-dependent hMPXV multiepitope vaccine. Epitope determination, followed by vaccine formulation, was undertaken. The promising formulation was validated for its potential to trigger immune responses immunoinformatically. The MPXV-1-Beta formulation was characterised as a promising candidate based on antigenicity score, physicochemical properties, solubility score, ProSA Z-score, and Ramachandran plot. Docking, normal mode analysis, and molecular dynamic simulation of MPXV-1-Beta with TLRs and MHCs authenticated rigid docking and its efficacy in enhancing immune receptor activation under physiological conditions. MPXV-1-Beta was discerned to trigger a sustained immune response (IR) with a broader average population coverage of 97.526, SD = 12.44. The proposed MPXV-1-Beta candidate showed significant potential. The findings of this study provide a preliminary framework for developing an efficacious hMPXV vaccine; however, extensive in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evaluations are required to substantiate the computational insights.
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spelling doaj-art-cb65bc92f0e74b10b3f4dea0d90092442025-08-20T03:32:24ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-07-0114783010.3390/biology14070830Annotation of the Extracellular Enveloped Form of Monkeypox Virus for the Design, Screening, Validation, and Simulation of a Chimeric Vaccine ConstructMohammad Asrar Izhari0Essa Ajmi Alodeani1Siraj B. Alharthi2Ahmad H. A. Almontasheri3Foton E. Alotaibi4Rakan E. Alotaibi5Wael A. Alghamdi6Osama Abdulaziz7Fahad Alghamdi8Ali Alisaac9Mansoor Alsahag10Ahmed R. A. Gosady11Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65522, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Dermatology, Al-Kharj Military Hospital, Al-Kharj 11361, Saudi ArabiaMolecular Genetics Unit, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif 26792, Saudi ArabiaIbn Sina Hospital for Extended Care, Makka 24247, Saudi ArabiaGenetic Counselling Department National Guard Hospital Riyadh, Riyadh 11426, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi ArabiaLaboratory Department, King Faha Hospital, Al-Bhaha 65732, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaPrince Mishari Bin Saud Hospital, Baljurshi 65639, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65522, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65522, Saudi ArabiaLaboratory Department, Baish General Hospital, Jazan 87597, Saudi ArabiaRecent outbreaks caused by hMPXV, especially hMPXV lineages/sub-lineages, represent public health threats necessitating stringent prophylactic measures to ameliorate their colossal impact. The current study annotated the EEV form of hMPXV’s target proteins to formulate a reverse vaccinology-dependent hMPXV multiepitope vaccine. Epitope determination, followed by vaccine formulation, was undertaken. The promising formulation was validated for its potential to trigger immune responses immunoinformatically. The MPXV-1-Beta formulation was characterised as a promising candidate based on antigenicity score, physicochemical properties, solubility score, ProSA Z-score, and Ramachandran plot. Docking, normal mode analysis, and molecular dynamic simulation of MPXV-1-Beta with TLRs and MHCs authenticated rigid docking and its efficacy in enhancing immune receptor activation under physiological conditions. MPXV-1-Beta was discerned to trigger a sustained immune response (IR) with a broader average population coverage of 97.526, SD = 12.44. The proposed MPXV-1-Beta candidate showed significant potential. The findings of this study provide a preliminary framework for developing an efficacious hMPXV vaccine; however, extensive in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evaluations are required to substantiate the computational insights.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/830monkeypoxdockingimmunity epitopeimmunoinformaticscloningsimulation
spellingShingle Mohammad Asrar Izhari
Essa Ajmi Alodeani
Siraj B. Alharthi
Ahmad H. A. Almontasheri
Foton E. Alotaibi
Rakan E. Alotaibi
Wael A. Alghamdi
Osama Abdulaziz
Fahad Alghamdi
Ali Alisaac
Mansoor Alsahag
Ahmed R. A. Gosady
Annotation of the Extracellular Enveloped Form of Monkeypox Virus for the Design, Screening, Validation, and Simulation of a Chimeric Vaccine Construct
Biology
monkeypox
docking
immunity epitope
immunoinformatics
cloning
simulation
title Annotation of the Extracellular Enveloped Form of Monkeypox Virus for the Design, Screening, Validation, and Simulation of a Chimeric Vaccine Construct
title_full Annotation of the Extracellular Enveloped Form of Monkeypox Virus for the Design, Screening, Validation, and Simulation of a Chimeric Vaccine Construct
title_fullStr Annotation of the Extracellular Enveloped Form of Monkeypox Virus for the Design, Screening, Validation, and Simulation of a Chimeric Vaccine Construct
title_full_unstemmed Annotation of the Extracellular Enveloped Form of Monkeypox Virus for the Design, Screening, Validation, and Simulation of a Chimeric Vaccine Construct
title_short Annotation of the Extracellular Enveloped Form of Monkeypox Virus for the Design, Screening, Validation, and Simulation of a Chimeric Vaccine Construct
title_sort annotation of the extracellular enveloped form of monkeypox virus for the design screening validation and simulation of a chimeric vaccine construct
topic monkeypox
docking
immunity epitope
immunoinformatics
cloning
simulation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/830
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