Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by an unknown etiology and a highly variable clinical presentation. This clinical heterogeneity might be explained by dysregulation of tolerance to self and apoptotic mechanisms, overproduction of autoantib...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8847557 |
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| author | Zeineb Zian Assia Bouhoudan Nadira Mourabit Gholamreza Azizi Mohcine Bennani Mechita |
| author_facet | Zeineb Zian Assia Bouhoudan Nadira Mourabit Gholamreza Azizi Mohcine Bennani Mechita |
| author_sort | Zeineb Zian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by an unknown etiology and a highly variable clinical presentation. This clinical heterogeneity might be explained by dysregulation of tolerance to self and apoptotic mechanisms, overproduction of autoantibodies, and abnormal cytokine levels. Cytokine imbalance levels have been associated with disease activity and severity in SLE patients. In the last years, salivary cytokines related to SLE have gained significant attention and researchers have begun to focus on the identification of cytokines in the saliva of SLE patients using it as a diagnostic fluid for the inflammatory process underlying SLE. This review highlights and summarizes recent studies revealing the cytokines that have been identified in the saliva of individuals with SLE. Data reported and discussed in this report may provide useful additional information to better understand the mechanisms associated with the disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cacbb2914dd04f2584562b068acf2891 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-cacbb2914dd04f2584562b068acf28912025-02-03T01:00:41ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612021-01-01202110.1155/2021/88475578847557Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus DiseaseZeineb Zian0Assia Bouhoudan1Nadira Mourabit2Gholamreza Azizi3Mohcine Bennani Mechita4Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, MoroccoFaculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, MoroccoHigher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health of Tangier, MoroccoNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranBiomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, MoroccoSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by an unknown etiology and a highly variable clinical presentation. This clinical heterogeneity might be explained by dysregulation of tolerance to self and apoptotic mechanisms, overproduction of autoantibodies, and abnormal cytokine levels. Cytokine imbalance levels have been associated with disease activity and severity in SLE patients. In the last years, salivary cytokines related to SLE have gained significant attention and researchers have begun to focus on the identification of cytokines in the saliva of SLE patients using it as a diagnostic fluid for the inflammatory process underlying SLE. This review highlights and summarizes recent studies revealing the cytokines that have been identified in the saliva of individuals with SLE. Data reported and discussed in this report may provide useful additional information to better understand the mechanisms associated with the disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8847557 |
| spellingShingle | Zeineb Zian Assia Bouhoudan Nadira Mourabit Gholamreza Azizi Mohcine Bennani Mechita Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease |
| title_full | Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease |
| title_fullStr | Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease |
| title_short | Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease |
| title_sort | salivary cytokines as potential diagnostic biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus disease |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8847557 |
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