The Role of Prenatal Exposure to Lead and Manganese in Child Cognitive Neurodevelopment at 18 Months: The Results of the Italian PHIME Cohort
Prenatal lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) exposure can impair neurodevelopment, targeting the central nervous system. This study investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to Pb and Mn on neurodevelopment in children at 18 months of age, using data from 607 Italian mother–child pairs enrolled in the...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Valentina Rosolen Fabiano Barbiero Marika Mariuz Maria Parpinel Luca Ronfani Liza Vecchi Brumatti Maura Bin Luigi Castriotta Francesca Valent D’Anna Latesha Little Janja Snoj Tratnik Darja Mazej Ingrid Falnoga Milena Horvat Fabio Barbone |
| author_facet | Valentina Rosolen Fabiano Barbiero Marika Mariuz Maria Parpinel Luca Ronfani Liza Vecchi Brumatti Maura Bin Luigi Castriotta Francesca Valent D’Anna Latesha Little Janja Snoj Tratnik Darja Mazej Ingrid Falnoga Milena Horvat Fabio Barbone |
| author_sort | Valentina Rosolen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prenatal lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) exposure can impair neurodevelopment, targeting the central nervous system. This study investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to Pb and Mn on neurodevelopment in children at 18 months of age, using data from 607 Italian mother–child pairs enrolled in the Northern Adriatic Cohort II (NAC-II). All children born at term (≥37 weeks) were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition. Cord blood concentrations of Mn and Pb were categorized as low or high exposures based on the 75th percentile of their distribution. Sociodemographic and lifestyle information was collected via questionnaires. Using simple and multiple linear regressions, the study examined the relationship between the cognitive composite score (COGN) and Mn and Pb co-exposure, including their interaction. Stratified regressions explored how Mn exposure influenced the effect of Pb, in the whole cohort and by the child’s sex. Beta coefficients (β) and the 90% confidence interval (90% CI) were estimated. Boys showed an interaction effect between Mn and Pb, with a reduction in COGN (β = −5.78, 90% CI: −11.17; −0.40), further described as a negative effect of high Pb on cognition when Mn exposure was also high (β = −6.98, 90% CI: −10.93; −3.04). No clear effects were observed in girls or the entire cohort at these levels of exposure. The findings highlight the harmful impact of combined prenatal Pb and Mn exposure on cognitive development in boys. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-ca9571140683475fb6fca1cf20a34b7f2025-01-24T13:51:05ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-01-011315410.3390/toxics13010054The Role of Prenatal Exposure to Lead and Manganese in Child Cognitive Neurodevelopment at 18 Months: The Results of the Italian PHIME CohortValentina Rosolen0Fabiano Barbiero1Marika Mariuz2Maria Parpinel3Luca Ronfani4Liza Vecchi Brumatti5Maura Bin6Luigi Castriotta7Francesca Valent8D’Anna Latesha Little9Janja Snoj Tratnik10Darja Mazej11Ingrid Falnoga12Milena Horvat13Fabio Barbone14Central Directorate for Health, Social Policies and Disability, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, 34121 Trieste, ItalyUOC Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, ItalyCentral Directorate for Health, Social Policies and Disability, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, 34121 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, ItalyInstitute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS ‘Burlo Garofolo’, 34127 Trieste, ItalyInstitute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS ‘Burlo Garofolo’, 34127 Trieste, ItalyInstitute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS ‘Burlo Garofolo’, 34127 Trieste, ItalyInstitute of Hygiene and Evaluative Epidemiology, Friuli Centrale University Health Authority, 33100 Udine, ItalyHygiene and Public Health, Friuli Centrale University Health Authority, 33100 Udine, ItalyOffice of Chief Medical Officer, Western Friuli Health Authority, 33170 Pordenone, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, ItalyPrenatal lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) exposure can impair neurodevelopment, targeting the central nervous system. This study investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to Pb and Mn on neurodevelopment in children at 18 months of age, using data from 607 Italian mother–child pairs enrolled in the Northern Adriatic Cohort II (NAC-II). All children born at term (≥37 weeks) were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition. Cord blood concentrations of Mn and Pb were categorized as low or high exposures based on the 75th percentile of their distribution. Sociodemographic and lifestyle information was collected via questionnaires. Using simple and multiple linear regressions, the study examined the relationship between the cognitive composite score (COGN) and Mn and Pb co-exposure, including their interaction. Stratified regressions explored how Mn exposure influenced the effect of Pb, in the whole cohort and by the child’s sex. Beta coefficients (β) and the 90% confidence interval (90% CI) were estimated. Boys showed an interaction effect between Mn and Pb, with a reduction in COGN (β = −5.78, 90% CI: −11.17; −0.40), further described as a negative effect of high Pb on cognition when Mn exposure was also high (β = −6.98, 90% CI: −10.93; −3.04). No clear effects were observed in girls or the entire cohort at these levels of exposure. The findings highlight the harmful impact of combined prenatal Pb and Mn exposure on cognitive development in boys.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/54child neurodevelopmentBayley scales of infant and toddler developmentleadmanganesetrace elementcohort study |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Rosolen Fabiano Barbiero Marika Mariuz Maria Parpinel Luca Ronfani Liza Vecchi Brumatti Maura Bin Luigi Castriotta Francesca Valent D’Anna Latesha Little Janja Snoj Tratnik Darja Mazej Ingrid Falnoga Milena Horvat Fabio Barbone The Role of Prenatal Exposure to Lead and Manganese in Child Cognitive Neurodevelopment at 18 Months: The Results of the Italian PHIME Cohort Toxics child neurodevelopment Bayley scales of infant and toddler development lead manganese trace element cohort study |
| title | The Role of Prenatal Exposure to Lead and Manganese in Child Cognitive Neurodevelopment at 18 Months: The Results of the Italian PHIME Cohort |
| title_full | The Role of Prenatal Exposure to Lead and Manganese in Child Cognitive Neurodevelopment at 18 Months: The Results of the Italian PHIME Cohort |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Prenatal Exposure to Lead and Manganese in Child Cognitive Neurodevelopment at 18 Months: The Results of the Italian PHIME Cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Prenatal Exposure to Lead and Manganese in Child Cognitive Neurodevelopment at 18 Months: The Results of the Italian PHIME Cohort |
| title_short | The Role of Prenatal Exposure to Lead and Manganese in Child Cognitive Neurodevelopment at 18 Months: The Results of the Italian PHIME Cohort |
| title_sort | role of prenatal exposure to lead and manganese in child cognitive neurodevelopment at 18 months the results of the italian phime cohort |
| topic | child neurodevelopment Bayley scales of infant and toddler development lead manganese trace element cohort study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/54 |
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