Green Tea Extract (<i>Theaceae</i>; <i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.): A Promising Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Candidate Against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> Species
Background: Thermophilic <i>Campylobacter</i> species are among the main culprits behind bacterial gastroenteritis globally and have grown progressively resistant to clinically important antimicrobials. Many studies have been carried out to explore innovative and alternative strategies t...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Mona S. Emara Ahmed M. Ammar Ashraf M.O. Abdelwahab Attia A. Elgdawy Adel Abdelkhalek Elena Pet Gabi Dumitrescu Mirela Ahmadi Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz |
| author_facet | Mona S. Emara Ahmed M. Ammar Ashraf M.O. Abdelwahab Attia A. Elgdawy Adel Abdelkhalek Elena Pet Gabi Dumitrescu Mirela Ahmadi Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz |
| author_sort | Mona S. Emara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Thermophilic <i>Campylobacter</i> species are among the main culprits behind bacterial gastroenteritis globally and have grown progressively resistant to clinically important antimicrobials. Many studies have been carried out to explore innovative and alternative strategies to control antibiotic-resistant campylobacters in animal reservoirs and human hosts; however, limited studies have been performed to develop efficient control schemes against <i>Campylobacter</i> biofilms. Methods: This study investigated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of some herbal extracts against multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Campylobacter</i> species recovered from different sources using phenotypic and molecular techniques. Results: The overall <i>Campylobacter</i> species prevalence was 21.5%, representing 15.25% and 6.25% for <i>C. jejuni</i> and <i>C. coli</i>, respectively. Regarding <i>C. jejuni</i>, the highest resistance rate was observed for amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and colistin (85.25% each), followed by cefotaxime (83.61%) and tetracycline (81.97%), whereas <i>C. coli</i> isolates showed absolute resistance to cefotaxime followed by erythromycin (92%) and colistin (88%). Remarkably, all <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates were MDR with elevated multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) indices (0.54–1). The antimicrobial potentials of green tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>), rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>) and ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) extracts against MDR <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates were assessed by the disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution technique. Green tea extract showed a marked inhibitory effect against tested isolates, exhibiting growth inhibition zone diameters of 8 to 38 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 1.56–3.12 mg/mL, unlike the rosemary and ginger extracts. Our findings reveal a respectable antibiofilm activity (>50% biofilm formation inhibition) of green tea against the preformed biofilms of <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates. Furthermore, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed a significant decrease (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the expression levels of biofilm biosynthesis gene and its regulator (<i>FlaA</i> and <i>LuxS</i>, respectively) in <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates treated with the green tea extract in comparison with untreated ones. Conclusion: This is the first in vitro approach that has documented the inhibitory activity of green tea extract against MDR-biofilm-producing <i>Campylobacter</i> species isolated from different sources. Further in vivo studies in animals’ models should be performed to provide evidence of concept for the implementation of this alternative candidate for the mitigation of MDR <i>Campylobacter</i> infections in the future. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-ca73abc5958b43b89a032fa2a4cb7d1d2025-01-24T13:18:47ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-01-011416110.3390/antibiotics14010061Green Tea Extract (<i>Theaceae</i>; <i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.): A Promising Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Candidate Against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> SpeciesMona S. Emara0Ahmed M. Ammar1Ashraf M.O. Abdelwahab2Attia A. Elgdawy3Adel Abdelkhalek4Elena Pet5Gabi Dumitrescu6Mirela Ahmadi7Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz8Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig 44516, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptAnimal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, EgyptFood Safety, Hygiene and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, EgyptFaculty of Management and Rural Tourism, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaFaculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaFaculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptBackground: Thermophilic <i>Campylobacter</i> species are among the main culprits behind bacterial gastroenteritis globally and have grown progressively resistant to clinically important antimicrobials. Many studies have been carried out to explore innovative and alternative strategies to control antibiotic-resistant campylobacters in animal reservoirs and human hosts; however, limited studies have been performed to develop efficient control schemes against <i>Campylobacter</i> biofilms. Methods: This study investigated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of some herbal extracts against multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Campylobacter</i> species recovered from different sources using phenotypic and molecular techniques. Results: The overall <i>Campylobacter</i> species prevalence was 21.5%, representing 15.25% and 6.25% for <i>C. jejuni</i> and <i>C. coli</i>, respectively. Regarding <i>C. jejuni</i>, the highest resistance rate was observed for amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and colistin (85.25% each), followed by cefotaxime (83.61%) and tetracycline (81.97%), whereas <i>C. coli</i> isolates showed absolute resistance to cefotaxime followed by erythromycin (92%) and colistin (88%). Remarkably, all <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates were MDR with elevated multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) indices (0.54–1). The antimicrobial potentials of green tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>), rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>) and ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) extracts against MDR <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates were assessed by the disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution technique. Green tea extract showed a marked inhibitory effect against tested isolates, exhibiting growth inhibition zone diameters of 8 to 38 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 1.56–3.12 mg/mL, unlike the rosemary and ginger extracts. Our findings reveal a respectable antibiofilm activity (>50% biofilm formation inhibition) of green tea against the preformed biofilms of <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates. Furthermore, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed a significant decrease (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the expression levels of biofilm biosynthesis gene and its regulator (<i>FlaA</i> and <i>LuxS</i>, respectively) in <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates treated with the green tea extract in comparison with untreated ones. Conclusion: This is the first in vitro approach that has documented the inhibitory activity of green tea extract against MDR-biofilm-producing <i>Campylobacter</i> species isolated from different sources. Further in vivo studies in animals’ models should be performed to provide evidence of concept for the implementation of this alternative candidate for the mitigation of MDR <i>Campylobacter</i> infections in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/61<i>Campylobacter</i> speciesantimicrobial resistancebiofilm formationherbal extracts |
| spellingShingle | Mona S. Emara Ahmed M. Ammar Ashraf M.O. Abdelwahab Attia A. Elgdawy Adel Abdelkhalek Elena Pet Gabi Dumitrescu Mirela Ahmadi Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz Green Tea Extract (<i>Theaceae</i>; <i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.): A Promising Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Candidate Against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> Species Antibiotics <i>Campylobacter</i> species antimicrobial resistance biofilm formation herbal extracts |
| title | Green Tea Extract (<i>Theaceae</i>; <i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.): A Promising Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Candidate Against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> Species |
| title_full | Green Tea Extract (<i>Theaceae</i>; <i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.): A Promising Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Candidate Against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> Species |
| title_fullStr | Green Tea Extract (<i>Theaceae</i>; <i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.): A Promising Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Candidate Against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Tea Extract (<i>Theaceae</i>; <i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.): A Promising Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Candidate Against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> Species |
| title_short | Green Tea Extract (<i>Theaceae</i>; <i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.): A Promising Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Candidate Against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> Species |
| title_sort | green tea extract i theaceae i i camellia sinensis i l a promising antimicrobial anti quorum sensing and antibiofilm candidate against multidrug resistant i campylobacter i species |
| topic | <i>Campylobacter</i> species antimicrobial resistance biofilm formation herbal extracts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/61 |
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