Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana
Abstract Air pollution impacts on human health are of serious concern in northern India, and over the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) in particular. The Kharif crop residue burning (CRB) is often blamed for degradation of Delhi-NCR’s seasonal air quality. However, the concentration of fine parti...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-00901-8 |
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| author | Poonam Mangaraj Yutaka Matsumi Tomoki Nakayama Akash Biswal Kazuyo Yamaji Hikaru Araki Natsuko Yasutomi Masayuki Takigawa Prabir K. Patra Sachiko Hayashida Akanksha Sharma A. P. Dimri Surendra K. Dhaka Manpreet S. Bhatti Mizuo Kajino Sahil Mor Ravindra Khaiwal Sanjeev Bhardwaj Vimal J. Vazhathara Ravi K. Kunchala Tuhin K. Mandal Prakhar Misra Tanbir Singh Kamal Vatta Suman Mor |
| author_facet | Poonam Mangaraj Yutaka Matsumi Tomoki Nakayama Akash Biswal Kazuyo Yamaji Hikaru Araki Natsuko Yasutomi Masayuki Takigawa Prabir K. Patra Sachiko Hayashida Akanksha Sharma A. P. Dimri Surendra K. Dhaka Manpreet S. Bhatti Mizuo Kajino Sahil Mor Ravindra Khaiwal Sanjeev Bhardwaj Vimal J. Vazhathara Ravi K. Kunchala Tuhin K. Mandal Prakhar Misra Tanbir Singh Kamal Vatta Suman Mor |
| author_sort | Poonam Mangaraj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Air pollution impacts on human health are of serious concern in northern India, and over the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) in particular. The Kharif crop residue burning (CRB) is often blamed for degradation of Delhi-NCR’s seasonal air quality. However, the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) remained stable in Delhi, while the fire detection counts (FDCs) from satellites over Punjab and Haryana declined by 50% or more during 2015–2023. We measured PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO) and related parameters over Delhi-NCR, Haryana and Punjab from a network of 30 low-cost sensors (CUPI-Gs) in a selected period (September–November) of 2022 and 2023. Measured PM2.5 showed lower concentration in 2023 compared to 2022 at Punjab and Haryana sites, in compliance with FDC reductions. Using the CUPI-G measurements, airmass trajectories, particle dispersion and chemical-transport model simulations, we show that the CRB emissions over Punjab contributed only a meagre ~14% to the overall PM2.5 over Delhi-NCR during October-November 2022. This indicates that there exists only a very weak coupling between PM2.5 mass over Delhi-NCR and the CRB over Punjab, highlighting the effectiveness of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in controlling air pollution in the region. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ca5768d7aef840839a797b2609233caa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2397-3722 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-ca5768d7aef840839a797b2609233caa2025-01-19T12:16:13ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-01-01811910.1038/s41612-025-00901-8Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and HaryanaPoonam Mangaraj0Yutaka Matsumi1Tomoki Nakayama2Akash Biswal3Kazuyo Yamaji4Hikaru Araki5Natsuko Yasutomi6Masayuki Takigawa7Prabir K. Patra8Sachiko Hayashida9Akanksha Sharma10A. P. Dimri11Surendra K. Dhaka12Manpreet S. Bhatti13Mizuo Kajino14Sahil Mor15Ravindra Khaiwal16Sanjeev Bhardwaj17Vimal J. Vazhathara18Ravi K. Kunchala19Tuhin K. Mandal20Prakhar Misra21Tanbir Singh22Kamal Vatta23Suman Mor24Research Institute for Humanity and NatureInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya UniversityFaculty of Environmental Science, Nagasaki UniversityResearch Institute for Humanity and NatureGraduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe UniversityResearch Institute for Humanity and NatureResearch Institute for Humanity and NatureResearch Institute for Global Change, JAMSTECResearch Institute for Humanity and NatureResearch Institute for Humanity and NatureSchool of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversitySchool of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityRadio and Atmospheric Physics Lab, Rajdhani College, University of DelhiDepartment of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityMeteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological AgencyDepartment of Environmental Science Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)Department of Environment Studies, Panjab UniversityCenter for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology DelhiCenter for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology DelhiEnvironmental Sciences & Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical LaboratoryDept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-RoorkeeSCVB Government CollegeDepartment of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Environment Studies, Panjab UniversityAbstract Air pollution impacts on human health are of serious concern in northern India, and over the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) in particular. The Kharif crop residue burning (CRB) is often blamed for degradation of Delhi-NCR’s seasonal air quality. However, the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) remained stable in Delhi, while the fire detection counts (FDCs) from satellites over Punjab and Haryana declined by 50% or more during 2015–2023. We measured PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO) and related parameters over Delhi-NCR, Haryana and Punjab from a network of 30 low-cost sensors (CUPI-Gs) in a selected period (September–November) of 2022 and 2023. Measured PM2.5 showed lower concentration in 2023 compared to 2022 at Punjab and Haryana sites, in compliance with FDC reductions. Using the CUPI-G measurements, airmass trajectories, particle dispersion and chemical-transport model simulations, we show that the CRB emissions over Punjab contributed only a meagre ~14% to the overall PM2.5 over Delhi-NCR during October-November 2022. This indicates that there exists only a very weak coupling between PM2.5 mass over Delhi-NCR and the CRB over Punjab, highlighting the effectiveness of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in controlling air pollution in the region.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-00901-8 |
| spellingShingle | Poonam Mangaraj Yutaka Matsumi Tomoki Nakayama Akash Biswal Kazuyo Yamaji Hikaru Araki Natsuko Yasutomi Masayuki Takigawa Prabir K. Patra Sachiko Hayashida Akanksha Sharma A. P. Dimri Surendra K. Dhaka Manpreet S. Bhatti Mizuo Kajino Sahil Mor Ravindra Khaiwal Sanjeev Bhardwaj Vimal J. Vazhathara Ravi K. Kunchala Tuhin K. Mandal Prakhar Misra Tanbir Singh Kamal Vatta Suman Mor Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |
| title | Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana |
| title_full | Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana |
| title_fullStr | Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana |
| title_short | Weak coupling of observed surface PM2.5 in Delhi-NCR with rice crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana |
| title_sort | weak coupling of observed surface pm2 5 in delhi ncr with rice crop residue burning in punjab and haryana |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-00901-8 |
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